Language Independent Tags In The Giella Infra

There are a number of classes of tags where the classes are language independent, but the actual tags are language specific. Some examples of such classes of tags are:

Error tags
tags describing parts of the language outside the established norm
Dialect tags
tags describing variation (in the written language) based on dialect
Derivation tags
tags describing derivational morphology

All such classes of tags are described below. New classes will probably be added in the future, but we'll try to keep the document updated. See also the documentation for each language.

Each class is recognised by having a tag prefix, a short string starting with "+" (for suffix tags; prefix tags for prefixing languages end with + as their last character) and ending with "/". Examples of such tag prefixes are: +Err/, +Dial/ etc.

It is assumed — and required — that all tags described here (and all other tags, for that matter) are declared as multichar symbols in the root.lexc file of each language.

Error tags

The error tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+Err/
Definition
tags describing parts of the language outside the established norm
FST implication
all strings containing one or more such tags are removed from all normative transducres

Dialect tags

The dialect tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+Dial/
Definition
tags describing (written) variation based on dialect
FST implication
when the DIALECTS variable is set in configure.ac, one filter for each dialect defined there is built automatically. Each filter will remove all strings tagged with a dialect different from the one specific to the filter. Untagged strings will be left as is. The dialect tags are presently only made use of in Oahpa generators.

Other notes:

  • The first character after the / must be one of + or –, denoting either inclusion (the entry/form is valid for the specified dialect) or exclusion (the entry/form is NOT valid for the specified dialect - but for all others)
  • The string following / and +/– must be one of the strings specified in configure.ac for the variable DIALECTS.

Area tags

The area/country tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+Area/
Definition
tags describing (written) variation based on country or another geographical unit, as per the ISO 3166 standard.
FST implication
not yet actively used, but will be used to build proofing tools and possibly other normative fst's where strings for other areas than the specified one will be removed. This will e.g. make the Lule Sámi speller for Sweden a better tool, as all strings with Norwegian æ (except for in names) will be removed:smaller and faster, and with less irrelevant suggestions.

Other notes:

  • The tag prefix must be followed by an ISO 3166 string.

Semantic tags

The semantic tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+Sem/
Definition
tags describing semantic properties of the lexeme
FST implication
all semantic tags are automatically identified, and a couple of filters for manipulating them are built and applied, see further notes below.

Other notes:

  • the raw fst: the semantic tags are moved relative to the POS tag, to ensure consistent tag ordering
  • all fst's except disambiguators and grammar checkers: the semantic tags are removed.
  • disambiguators and grammar checkers: the tags are kept (i.e. they are untouched)

Derivation tags

The derivation tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+Der/
Definition
tags describing derivational morphology
FST implication
there is no language-independent processing of these tags ATM

Originating language tags

The originating language tag class is defined as follows:

Tag prefix
+OLang/
Definition
tags describing originating language for loan words in cases where such information is required to get proper pronunciation in speech synthesis
FST implication
there is no language-independent processing of these tags ATM, and they are removed from all fst's; for North Sámi there is some language-specific processing to split the lexical fst into separate fst's for each defined +OLang/ language, after which it is possible to apply OLang-specific phonetic rules

Other notes:

So far the only speech synthesis system we have built is for North Sámi. It was furthermore built without using our text processing technology, and the features being made possible with these tags (ie pronouncing «u» as /ʉː/ instead of the default /uː/) has so far not been put to use. But we expect that to change in the future, as the text processing is applied to open-source speech synthesis systems such as Festival and Simple4All.