root-morphology
Morphology
Multicharacter symbols
Sõnaliik / Part of speech
-
+N : nimisõna / substantive
-
+A : omadussõna / adjective
-
+Num : arvsõna / numeral
-
+Pron : asesõna / pronoun
-
+V : tegusõna / verb
-
+Adv : määrsõna / adverb
-
+Interj : hüüdsõna / interjection
-
+CC : rinnastav sidesõna / co-ordinating conjunction
-
+CS : alistav sidesõna / subordinating conjunction
-
+Adp : kaassõna / adposition, i.e. pre/postposition
- +Pref : prefiks / prefix
Genitiivatribuut pole eraldi kategooria / No special tag for genitive attribute : angoora+N+Sg+Gen
Alamkategooriad / Sub-pos categories
-
+Prop : pärisnimi / proper name
-
+Card : põhiarvsõna / cardinal numeral
- +Ord : järgarvsõna / ordinal numeral
Võrdlusastmed / Comparation
-
+Comp : komparatiiv / comparative
- +Superl : superlatiiv / superlative
hfstol:examples:
-
asi: asi+N+Sg+Nom (Eng. # thing)
-
Jaan: Jaan+N+Prop+Sg+Nom
-
asjalik: asjalik+A+Sg+Nom (Eng. # serious)
-
parem: parem+A+Comp+Sg+Nom (Eng. # better)
-
parim: parim+A+Superl+Sg+Nom (Eng. # best)
-
kaks: kaks+Num+Card+Sg+Nom (Eng. # two)
-
teine: teine+Num+Ord+Sg+Nom (Eng. # second)
-
see: see+Pron+Sg+Nom (Eng. # that)
-
asjastama: asjastama+V+Pers+Sup+Ill (Eng. # objectify)
-
asjatult: asjatult+Adv (Eng. # in vain)
-
hei: hei+Interj (Eng. # hi)
-
ja: ja+CC (Eng. # and)
-
et: et+CS (Eng. # that)
-
kaudu: kaudu+Adp (Eng. # via)
- eba-: eba+Pref (Eng. # un-, non-)
Sõnamuutus / Inflection
Käändsõna / Noun
Arv / number
-
+Sg : ainsus / singular
- +Pl : mitmus / plural
Kääne / Case
-
+Nom : nimetav / nominative
-
part: part+N+Sg+Nom
-
maja: maja+N+Sg+Nom
-
pardid: part+N+Pl+Nom
- majad: maja+N+Pl+Nom
-
+Gen : omastav / genitive
-
pardi: part+N+Sg+Gen
-
maja: maja+N+Sg+Gen
-
partide: part+N+Pl+Gen
- majade: maja+N+Pl+Gen
-
+Par : osastav / partitive
-
parti: part+N+Sg+Par
-
maja: maja+N+Sg+Par
-
parte: part+N+Pl+Par
-
partisid: part+N+Pl+Par+Use/Rare
-
maju: maja+N+Pl+Par
- majasid: maja+N+Pl+Par+Use/Rare
-
+Ill : sisseütlev / illative
-
parti: part+N+Sg+Ill
-
majja: maja+N+Sg+Ill
-
pardisse: part+N+Sg+Ill+Use/Hyp
-
majasse: maja+N+Sg+Ill+Use/Rare
-
partidesse: part+N+Pl+Ill
-
majadesse: maja+N+Pl+Ill
-
+Ine : seesütlev / inessive
-
pardis: part+N+Sg+Ine
-
majas: maja+N+Sg+Ine
-
partides: part+N+Pl+Ine
- majades: maja+N+Pl+Ine
-
+Ela : seestütlev / elative
-
pardist: part+N+Sg+Ela
-
majast: maja+N+Sg+Ela
-
partidest: part+N+Pl+Ela
- majadest: maja+N+Pl+Ela
-
+All : alaleütlev / allative
-
pardile: part+N+Sg+All
-
majale: maja+N+Sg+All
-
partidele: part+N+Pl+All
- majadele: maja+N+Pl+All
-
+Ade : alalütlev / adessive
-
pardil: part+N+Sg+Ade
-
majal: maja+N+Sg+Ade
-
partidel: part+N+Pl+Ade
- majadel: maja+N+Pl+Ade
-
+Abl : alaltütlev / ablative
-
pardilt: part+N+Sg+Abl
-
majalt: maja+N+Sg+Abl
-
partidelt: part+N+Pl+Abl
- majadelt: maja+N+Pl+Abl
-
+Tra : saav / translative
-
pardiks: part+N+Sg+Tra
-
majaks: maja+N+Sg+Tra
-
partideks: part+N+Pl+Tra
- majadeks: maja+N+Pl+Tra
-
+Trm : rajav / terminative
-
pardini: part+N+Sg+Trm
-
majani: maja+N+Sg+Trm
-
partideni: part+N+Pl+Trm
- majadeni: maja+N+Pl+Trm
-
+Ess : olev / essive
-
pardina: part+N+Sg+Ess
-
majana: maja+N+Sg+Ess
-
partidena: part+N+Pl+Ess
- majadena: maja+N+Pl+Ess
-
+Abe : ilmaütlev / abessive
-
pardita: part+N+Sg+Abe
-
majata: maja+N+Sg+Abe
-
partideta: part+N+Pl+Abe
- majadeta: maja+N+Pl+Abe
-
+Com : kaasaütlev / comitative
-
pardiga: part+N+Sg+Com
-
majaga: maja+N+Sg+Com
-
partidega: part+N+Pl+Com
- majadega: maja+N+Pl+Com
Verb
Verbil on finiitsed (pöördelised) ja infiniitsed (nn käänduvad) vormid.
Verbs have finite (conjugable) and infinite ("declinable") forms.
Pöördelised vormid / Conjugable forms
Tegumood / Voice
-
+Impers : umbisikuline / impersonal
- +Pers : isikuline / personal
Aeg / Tense
-
+Prs : olevik / present
- +Prt : minevik / past (i.e. not present)
Lihtminevik = minevik / Past imperfect = past
Täisminevik / Past perfect: olema (pres) + nud/tud/dud ( olen teinud)
Enneminevik / Past pluperfect: olema (impf) + nud/tud/dud ( olin teinud)
Kõneviis / Mood
-
+Ind : kindel / indicative
-
+Cond : tingiv / conditional
-
+Imprt : käskiv / imperative / jussive
- +Quot : kaudne / quotative
Pööre ja arv / Person and number
-
+Sg1 : ainsuse 1. pööre / singular 1st person
-
+Sg2 : ainsuse 2. pööre / singular 2nd person
-
+Sg3 : ainsuse 3. pööre / singular 3rd person
-
+Pl1 : mitmuse 1. pööre / plural 1st person
-
+Pl2 : mitmuse 2. pööre / plural 2nd person
- +Pl3 : mitmuse 3. pööre / plural 3rd person
Kõneliik / Polarity
-
+Aff : jaatav kõne / affirmative
- +Neg : eitav kõne / negative
Infiniitsed (nn käänduvad) verbivormid / Infinite ("declinable") verb forms
- +Sup : ma-tegevusnimi / supine (ma-infinitive)
- +Inf : da-tegevusnimi / infinitive (da-infinitive)a
- +Ger : des-vorm / gerund (des-form)
- +Prc : kesksõna / participle
Kategooriate võimalikud kombinatsioonid / Possible combinations of categories
allikas / source :
The categories are given in the order in which the allomorphs (if they can be
-
voice: personal vs. impersonal (0-morph vs. t/d(aiu)), eg. elaks vs.
-
tense: present vs. past (0-morph vs. s/si/nu), e.g. elan vs. elasin,
-
mood: indicative vs. conditional vs imperative vs quotative
-
person+number: notice that in personal present and past conditional, imperative
-
negation: affirmative vs. negative. It manifests itself via
The forms of negative words pole and ära are included in order to capture really all
---- Personal finite forms ----
-
elan: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Sg1+Aff
-
elad: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Sg2+Aff
-
elab: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Sg3+Aff
-
elame: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Pl1+Aff
-
elate: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Pl2+Aff
- elavad: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Pl3+Aff
-
ela: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Neg
-
pole: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Neg
- ole: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Ind+Neg
NB! ei ole = pole
-
elaksin: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Sg1+Aff
-
elaksid: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Sg2+Aff
-
elaks: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond
-
elaksime: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl1+Aff
-
elaksite: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl2+Aff
- elaksid: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl3+Aff
-
poleksin: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Sg1+Neg
-
poleksid: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Sg2+Neg
-
poleks: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Neg
-
poleksime: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl1+Neg
-
poleksite: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl2+Neg
- poleksid: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Cond+Pl3+Neg
-
ela: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Sg2
-
elagu: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt
-
elagem: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Pl1
- elage: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Pl2
-
ära: ära+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Sg2+Neg
-
ärgu: ära+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Neg
-
ärgem: ära+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Pl1+Neg
-
ärme: ära+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Pl1+Neg+Use/Rare
- ärge: ära+V+Pers+Prs+Imprt+Pl2+Neg
-
elavat: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Quot
- polevat: olema+V+Pers+Prs+Quot+Neg
-
elasin: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Sg1+Aff
-
elasid: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Sg2+Aff
-
elas: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Sg3+Aff
-
elasime: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Pl1+Aff
-
elasite: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Pl2+Aff
- elasid: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Pl3+Aff
-
elanud: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Neg
-
polnud: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Neg
- olnud: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Ind+Neg
NB! ei olnud = polnud
-
elanuksin: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Sg1+Aff
-
elanuksid: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Sg2+Aff
-
elanuks: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond
-
elanuksime: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl1+Aff
-
elanuksite: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl2+Aff
- elanuksid: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl3+Aff
-
polnuksin: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Sg1+Neg
-
polnuksid: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Sg2+Neg
-
polnuks: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Neg
-
polnuksime: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl1+Neg
-
polnuksite: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl2+Neg
- polnuksid: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Cond+Pl3+Neg
- ärnud: ära+V+Pers+Prt+Imprt+Neg
-
elanuvat: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Quot
- polnuvat: olema+V+Pers+Prt+Quot+Neg
---- Personal infinite forms ----
-
elav: elama+V+Pers+Prs+Prc
- elanud: elama+V+Pers+Prt+Prc
(on, oli, ...) + V+Pers+Prt+Prc = some analytical personal form
-
elama: elama+V+Pers+Sup+Ill
-
elamas: elama+V+Pers+Sup+Ine
-
elamast: elama+V+Pers+Sup+Ela
-
elamaks: elama+V+Pers+Sup+Tra
- elamata: elama+V+Pers+Sup+Abe
---- Impersonal finite forms ----
-
elatakse: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Ind+Aff
- elata: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Ind+Neg
-
polda: olema+V+Impers+Prs+Ind+Neg
- olda: olema+V+Impers+Prs+Ind+Neg
NB! ei olda = polda
-
elataks: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Cond
- poldaks: olema+V+Impers+Prs+Cond+Neg
-
elatagu: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Imprt
- ärdagu: ära+V+Impers+Prs+Imprt+Neg
-
elatavat: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Quot
- poldavat: olema+V+Impers+Prs+Quot+Neg
-
elati: elama+V+Impers+Prt+Ind+Aff
- elatud: elama+V+Impers+Prt+Ind+Neg
-
poldud: olema+V+Impers+Prt+Ind+Neg
- oldud: olema+V+Impers+Prt+Ind+Neg
NB! ei oldud = poldud
-
elatuks: elama+V+Impers+Prt+Cond
- polduks: olema+V+Impers+Prt+Cond+Neg
---- Impersonal infinite forms ----
-
elatav: elama+V+Impers+Prs+Prc
- elatud: elama+V+Impers+Prt+Prc
( on, oli, ...) + V+Impers+Prt+Prc = some analytical personal form
- elatama: elama+V+Impers+Sup
---- Infinite forms with no voice category ----
-
elada: elama+V+Inf
- elades: elama+V+Ger
Exceptional cases:
personal present (Prs not implemented????), 3 words: kuulukse, tunnukse, näikse
- kuulukse: kuulukse+V
Negation verb
- ei: ei+V+Neg
Analytical forms (olen elanud, olin elanud, oleksin elanud, ei olnud elanud,
Partikkel -gi/-ki / Particle -gi/-ki
-
+Foc/gi
- pulkki: pulk+N+Sg+Nom+Foc/gi
Kasutust (sagedust jm) iseloomustavad märgendid / Usage-related tags
-
+Emph : long inflectional forms of personal pronouns mina, sina, tema, meie, teie, nemad
- temale: tema+Pron+Sg+All+Emph
Paralleelvormide erinevat kasutussagedust iseloomustavad / Usage info for parallel forms (either correct according to the norm, or incorrect)
-
+Use/Rare : norm, but rare
- puusid: puu+N+Pl+Par+Use/Rare
-
+Use/Hyp : norm, but so rare that norm is probaly wrong
- tiivasse: tiib+N+Sg+Ill+Use/Hyp
-
+Use/NotNorm : not norm, but sometimes used
- pöidlates: pöial+N+Pl+Ine+Use/NotNorm
-
+Use/CommonNotNorm : not norm, and used more than norm
- kööment: köömen+N+Sg+Par+Use/CommonNotNorm
Oletatav analüüs / Guessed analysis
- +Guess : guessed analysis
Tuletus / Derivation
Eesliited on harvad, aga ikkagi ... / Prefixes are seldom used, but still...
-
+Pref
-
taasriigistama: taas+Pref#riigistama+V+Pers+Sup+Ill
- reinvesteerima: re+Pref#investeerima+V+Pers+Sup+Ill
Järelliited / Suffixes
V --> N
-
+Der/mine
- jahumine: jahuma+V+Der/mine+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/ja
- jahuja: jahuma+V+Der/ja+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/nu
- elanu: elama+V+Der/nu+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/mus
- küllastumus: küllastuma+V+Der/mus+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/ng
- devalveering: devalveerima+V+Der/ng+N+Sg+Nom
V --> A
-
+Der/v
- jahuv: jahuma+V+Der/v+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/tav
- öeldav: ütlema+V+Der/tav+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/nud
- elanud: elama+V+Der/nud+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/mata
- elamata: elama+V+Der/mata+A
-
+Der/matu
- segamatu: segama+V+Der/matu+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/tamatu
- mõeldamatu: mõtlema+V+Der/tamatu+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/tu
- elatu: elama+V+Der/tu+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/tud
- elatud: elama+V+Der/tud+A
N --> A
-
+Der/lik
- kotkalik: kotkas+N+Der/lik+A+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/line
-
põõsaline: põõsas+N+Der/line+A+Sg+Nom
-
onomastiline: onomastika+N+Der/line+A+Sg+Nom
- apooriline: apooria+N+Der/line+A+Sg+Nom
- +Der/ne
A --> Adv
-
+Der/lt
- roosalt: roosa+A+Der/lt+Adv
-
+Der/sti
- valusasti: valus+A+Der/sti+Adv
-
+Der/ini
- paremini: parem+A+Comp+Der/ini+Adv
A --> A
-
+Der/m
- valusam: valus+A+Der/m+A+Comp+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/im
- valusaim: valus+A+Der/im+A+Superl+Sg+Nom
N --> N
-
+Der/nna
- õmblejanna: õmbleja+N+Der/nna+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/kond
- vaatajaskond: vaatama+V+Der/ja+N+Der/kond+N+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/ist
- kapitalist: kapitalism+N+Der/ist+N+Sg+Nom
A --> N, V --> N
-
+Der/us
-
porisus: porine+A+Der/us+N+Sg+Nom
- õpetus: õpetama+V+Der/us+N+Sg+Nom
N --> Adv
-
+Der/ti
- lauati: laud+N+Der/ti+Adv
-
+Der/lane : helveetslane: Helveetsia+N+Prop+Der/lane+N+Sg+Nom
-
firenzelane: Firenze+N+Prop+Der/lane+N+Sg+Nom
- helveetslane: Helveetsia+N+Prop+Der/lane+N+Sg+Nom
N --> N, A --> A
-
+Dim/ke : diminutive
- põõsake: põõsas+N+Dim/ke+Sg+Nom
-
+Der/minus : shortening stem
-
vaatamis-: vaatamine+N+Der/minus
- astraal-: astraalne+A+Der/minus
Num --> N
-
+Der/kas
- kolmekas: kolm+Num+Card+Der/kas+N+Sg+Nom
Muud / Other tags
Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):
- »
- «
- > (escaped with square brackets, to avoid collision with > as morpheme boundary)
- < (escaped with square brackets, to avoid collision with < as morpheme boundary)
- '7 7 is the real apostrophe ??
- +Use/Circ : for arabic and roman numerals
-
+ABBR : Lühend / Abbreviation
-
+ACR : Suurtähtlühend / Acronym
-
+CLB : Osalause piir (punkt, koma) / Clause border (full stop, comma..)
-
+PUNCT : Kirjavahemärk / Punctuation
-
+LEFT : Kirjavahemärgi asetus / Punctuation orientation
- +RIGHT : Kirjavahemärgi asetus / Punctuation orientation
Flag diacritics
| @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
| @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
These are used for limiting the number of components in a compound word
| @D.Part@ | No part of a compound should have been encountered yet |
| @P.Part.One@ | Indicate that this could be the first part of a compound |
| @R.Part.One@ | Require that the first part has been encountered |
| @D.Part.One@ | Require that the first part has NOT been encountered |
| @P.Part.Two@ | Indicate that this could be the second part of a compound |
| @R.Part.Two@ | Require that the second part has been encountered |
| @P.Part.Three@ | Indicate that this could be the third part of a compound |
| @P.Part.Bad@ | Indicate that this cannot be a part of a compound |
POS is used for filtering derivations and compounds
| @R.POS.NumCardCompound@ | compound numeral (viis+sada - five hundred) |
Case is used for filtering derivations and compounds
Remember there has been some derivation from A or N; for filtering compounds
Remember the stem type; for filtering compounds
A special condition that is used for filtering derivations and compounds
Sg Nom is allowed as first part of a compound only for some words
Legitimate strings that are not words: numbers, acronyms, ...
Lexicons
- LEXICON Root is the starting point of everything
This is actually a loop, formed after applying Kleene star
strictly simplex word; cannot be a part of a compound
- @D.Part@@P.Part.Two@@P.NeedPartThree.On@@P.POS.Num@ CardinalNumbersInComp ; 5-autone etc
strictly simplex words; cannot be a part of a compound
-
Abbreviations ;
-
Adpositions ;
-
Conjunctions ;
-
NoninflectingVerbs ;
-
CardinalNumbersSingle ;
-
OrdinalNumbers ;
- Punctuation ;
- LEXICON First a simplex word or the first part of a compound
-
@P.POS.A@ Adjectives ;
-
@P.POS.A@ NoninflectingAdjectives ;
-
@P.POS.AComp@ ComparativeAdjectives ;
- @P.POS.AComp@ SuperlativeAdjectives ;
Superl = Comp in compounding
-
@P.POS.Adv@ Adverbs ;
-
@P.POS.N@ Nouns ;
- @P.POS.NProp@@U.Cap.Obl@ ProperNouns ;
always uppercase
- @P.POS.NProp@@U.Cap.Opt@ ProperNouns ;
downcased for derivations
-
@P.POS.IntNum@ IntegerNumerals ;
-
@P.POS.NonIntNum@ NonIntegerNumerals ;
-
@P.POS.NumOrd@ OrdinalNumerals ;
-
@P.POS.Pron@ Pronouns ;
-
@P.POS.V@ Verbs ;
-
@P.POS.Interj@ Interjections ;
-
@P.POS.GA@@P.Case.Gen@ GenitiveAttributes ;
-
@P.POS.Pref@ Prefixes ;
- @P.POS.ACR@ Acronyms ;
- LEXICON Latter the latter part of a compound
- @P.POS.A@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ Adjectives ;
-
@P.POS.A@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ Adjectives_ne ;
- @P.POS.A@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ Adjectives_v ;
- @P.POS.A@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ PlainAdjectives ;
-
@P.POS.AComp@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ ComparativeAdjectives ;
- @P.POS.AComp@@C.Der@@C.Stem@ SuperlativeAdjectives ;
- @P.Case.Gen@ LatterVerb ;
- @P.POS.V@@C.Der@ Verbs ;