root-morphology

Beware of remnants from the Finnish file. Take nothing at face value!

Tags for POS

• +A = Adjective
• +Adv = Adverb
• +CC = Conjunction
• +CS = Subjunction
• +Interj = Interjection
• +N = Noun
• +Num = Numerals
• +Pcle = Participle?
• +Po = Postposition
• +Pr = Preposition
• +Pron = Pronomen
• +V = Verb
• +Neg = Negation verb ei
• +ConNeg = Negation form of verb

• +Prop = Propernoun
• +Ord = Ordinal
• +ABBR = Abbreviation
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• +ACR = Acronym
• +Arab = Arabic
• +Coll = Collective numeral

Tags for grammar

Pronoun types

• +Pers = Personal
• +Dem = Demonstrative
• +Interr = Interrogative
• +Refl = Reflexive
• +Recipr = Reciprocal
• +Rel = Relative
• +Indef = Indefinitue
• +Qu = Quantity

Number

• +Sg = Singular
• +Pl = Plural

Number-person

• +Sg1 = Singular 1
• +Sg2 = Singular 2
• +Sg3 = Singular 3
• +Pl1 = Plural 1
• +Pl2 = Plural 2
• +Pl3 = Plural 3
• +PxSg1 = Poss suff: the owner is Singular 1
• +PxSg2 = Poss suff: the owner is Singular 2
• +PxSg3 = Poss suff: the owner is Singular 3
• +PxPl1 = Poss suff: the owner is Plural 1
• +PxPl2 = Poss suff: the owner is Plural 2
• +PxPl3 = Poss suff: the owner is Plural 3

Case

• +Nom = Nominative
• +Gen = Genitive
• +Acc = Accusative, for pronouns, but is it correct?
• +Ine = Inessive
• +Ill = Illative
• +Ela = Elative
• +Ade = Adessive
• +Abe = Abessive
• +All = Allative
• +Abl = Ablative
• +Ess = Essive
• +Tra = Translaive
• +Ins = Instructive
• +Com = Comitative
• +Par = Partitive

Comparatives

• +Compar = Comparative
• +Superl = Superlative

Finite verbs

• +Pass = Passive
• +Ind = Indicative
• +Act = Active
• +Prs = Presens
• +Prt = Preteritum
• +Imprt = Imperative
• +Cond = Conditional
• +Pot = Potential

Infinite verbs

• +Inf = Infinitive
• +Lat = lative (the infinitive, used in Apertium)
• +PrsPrc = Presence Particip
• +PrfPrc = Preteritum Particip
• +Inf3 = Infinite 3

Punctuation

• +CLB = Clause boundary
• +PUNCT = Punctuation mark
• +HYPH = Hyphenation mark
• +Attr = Attributive form, hmm, check, for names?
• +LEFT = left parenth
• +RIGHT = right parenth

Speller tags

+Err/Orth misspelling or nor normative form. It will be included only in desc, not in norm.

• +Use/-Spell = Excluded in speller
• +Use/SpellNoSugg = recognized but not suggested in speller +Use/NG only accept, not generate (for MT and Oahpa use) +Use/Circ for numerals, copied from sme

Compounds

• +Cmp =
• +Cmp/Hyph - on dynamic compounds that have a hyphen (in use?)

Derivation

• +Der =

• +Der/minen =
• +Der/s = deriving numerals

Clitic tags

• +Clt =
• +Qst = Focusclitic question -ko
• +Foc/han = Focusclitic -han
• +Foc/kaan = Focusclitic -kaan
• +Foc/kin = Focusclitic -kin
• +Foc/pa = Focusclitic -pa
• +Foc/s = Focusclitic -s
• +Foc/pas = Focusclitic -pas

Tokeniser tags

• +MWE = multiword expression, for tokenisation

• +v1 =
• +v2 =

Semantic tags

• +Sem/Ani = Animal names
• +Sem/Fem = Female names
• +Sem/Mal = Male names
• +Sem/Obj = Names of objects
• +Sem/Org = Names of organisations
• +Sem/Plc = Place names
• +Sem/Sur = Surnames
• +Sem/ID = ID

Dialect tags

• +Dial/-Var = Not Varanger
• +Dial/-Por = Not Porsanger
• +Dial/-Jok = Not Jokivarret
• +Dial/Var Varanger, short for +Dial/-Jok+Dial/-Por
• +Dial/Por Porsanger, short for +Dial/-Jok+Dial/-Var
• +Dial/Jok Jokivarret, short for +Dial/-Por+Dial/-V

Stem variant tags

+v1

variant 1

+v2

variant 2

+v3

variant 3

+v4

variant 4

+v5

variant 5

+v6

variant 6

+v7

variant 7

Phonological symbols

• i2 = plural i of nouns
• i3 = past tense i of verbs
• i4 = i in conditional isi of most verbs (without gemination)
• i5 = superlative i of adjectives
• i6 = i: j in poika: pojan
• i7 = i in conditional of contract verbs (with gemination)

• p2 = always p
• t2 = always t, cf. katt2oma always tt, underlying -ts-
• t3 = t participating in gradation, but not in t: s
• k2 = always k
• k3 = k3 never k: v, contrary to k
• ^A = Vowel harmony a/ä
• ^O = Vowel harmony o/ö
• ^U = Vowel harmony u/y
• ^V = Vowel copying
• ^N = tulˆNut, kävel^N^Ut
• ^E2I = for e to i change
• ^A2I = for a to i change
• ^I0 = i to 0 in vanha_a_21 -Por with i endings: tooline
• ^E0 = e to 0 in vanha_a_32 and vanha_n_32 bc we add b4 dial trigger, for twolc struc.
• ^HMETA = for h metathesis syksy - sykshyyn
• ^AO = a: 0
• ^A0 = a: o rannoissa
• ^WG = Weak grade matto - maton
• ^TJ = vuote vuoje
• ^T0 = tytär tyär tytärtä tyärtä in Var
• ^UU = vuote vuue
• ^TES = in use?
• ^VDEL = Deleting long vowel in rakkaa- > rakas
• ^EDEL = Deleting e in front of consonant
• ^AE = for a to e change
• ^M2N = for m to n in lumi lunta
• ^¤ = potecting against e: i word-finally (nalle, liike)
• ^Por -- Porsanger dialect
• ^Var -- Varanger dialect
• ^Jok -- Jokivarret dialect
• ^End -- End of word, since the # tags don't work properly

• »
• «
• > (written with square brackets, see the root.lexc file)
• < (written with square brackets, see the root.lexc file)

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

Basic lexica, pointing to the other lexicon files

Here is the Root lexicon, pointing to all the parts of speech:

LEXICON Root

• AdjectiveRoot ;
• Adverb ;
• Conjunction ;
• Interjection ;
• NUM ;
• NounRoot ;
• Particle ;
• Postposition ;
• Preposition ;
• Pronoun ;
• ProperNoun ;
• Punctuation ;
• Symbols ;
• VerbRoot ;
• Subjunction ;
• Abbreviation ;
• Acronym ;