Morphological tags
On the bottom of this page is a list with all tags in alphabetical order.
Overview
All the words are analysed with dictionary form + grammatical tags. Each tag is introduced with a "+" sign. We thus have
biilla biila+N+Sg+Acc
boađán boahtit+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1
Note that you have to add the part of speech twice when you use the derivational tag:
boradišgohten boradit+V+Der/InchL+V+Ind+Prt+Sg1
The main parts of speech (POS) for North Sámi are:
Nouns (+N), adjectives (+A), verbs (+V), pronouns (+Pron), adverbs (+Adv), particles (+Pcle), subjunctions (+CS), conjunctions (+CC), postpositions (+Po), prepositions (+Pr) and interjections (+Interj).
The nouns
The string is +N+(Subclass)+(Semclass)+Number+Case(+Possessivesuffix)(+Clitic)". The word form biilasgo is thus analysed as biila+N+Sem/Veh+Sg+Gen+PxSg3+Qst.
Here is a list of the nominal tags, given in the same order as for the analysis. Note that the grammatical categories in parentheses can be omitted.
Part of speech | +N |
Subclass | +Prop, +G3, +NomAg |
Semantic class | +Sem/Hum, +Sem/Plc, +Sem/Veh (see list) |
Number | +Sg, +Pl |
Case | +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com |
(Possessive suffix) | +PxSg1 +PxSg2 +PxSg3 +PxDu1 +PxDu2 +PxDu3 +PxPl1 +PxPl2 +PxPl3 |
(Clitic) | +Qst +Foc/ |
The adjectives
Used non-attributively the adjective resembles the noun:
Part of speech | +A |
(Grade) | +Comp, +Superl |
Number | +Sg, +Pl |
Case | +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com |
(Clitic) | e.g. +Qst (see list) |
Used attributively the adjective has a quite simple tag scheme:
Part of speech | +A |
Attribute | +Attr |
(Clitic) | e.g. +Qst (see list) |
The verbs
Finite and infinite verb forms have quite distinct paradigms. Finite first:
Part of speech | +V |
(Derivation) | +Der/PassL, +Der/PassS, +Der/h (see list) |
Mood | +Ind, +Pot, +Cond, +Imprt |
Tense | +Prs, +Prt |
Person/Number | +Sg1 +Sg2 +Sg3 +Du1 +Du2 +Du3 +Pl1 +Pl2 +Pl3, +ConNeg |
Clitic | e.g. +Qst (see list) |
Infinite verb forms:
Part of speech | +V |
(Derivation) | +Der/PassL |
Nominal verb form | +Inf, +Act, +Ger, +PrsPrc, +PrfPrc, +VGen, +VAbess |
(Clitic) | e.g. +Qst (see list) |
Other derived verb forms:
Part of speech | +V |
Part of speech | +N |
Derivation | +NomAg |
Number | +Sg, +Pl |
Case | +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com |
(Possessive suffix) | +PxSg1 +PxSg2 +PxSg3 +PxDu1 +PxDu2 +PxDu3 +PxPl1 +PxPl2 +PxPl3 |
Here is an example: oahppit > oahppi+N+NomAg+Pl+Nom
The pronouns
The personal, demonstrative and interrogative pronouns:
baseform+Pron+Pers+NumberPerson+Case
Example:
underlying form: mun+Pron+Pers+Sg1+Com, surface form: muinna
The reflexive pronouns:
baseform+Pron+pronoun_type+Case(+possessive suffix)
Example: underlying form: ieš+Pron+Refl+Loc+PxDu1, surface form: alddáme
The indeclinable words
These have their POS tag as their only tag:
underlying form: birra+Pr or birra+Po, surface form: birra
Alphabetic list over the tags
Part of speech and subclass
-
+A adjective
- +Ord ordinal
- +Adv adverb
- +CC conjunction
- +CS subjunction
- +Interj interjection
-
+N noun
- +Prop proper noun
- +NomAg agent noun
- +G3 geminat grade 3, e.g. s's
-
+Num numeral
- +Card cardinal number
- +Pcle particle
- +Po postposition
- +Pr preposition
-
+Pron pronoun
- +Dem demonstrative pronoun
- +Indef indefinite pronoun
- +Interr interrogative pronoun
- +Pers person pronoun
- +Refl reflecsive pronoun
- +Recipr reciprocal pronoun
- +Rel relative pronoun
-
+N, +Advfor several parts of speech
- +ABBR abbreviation
- +ACR acronym
Grammatical properties
- +Acc Accusative
- +Actio Actio form of the verb
- +Attr Attributive
- +CLB Clause boundary
- +Cmpnd Compound (inconsistent with other notation for this tag)
- +Cmpnd+ Compound (left tag)(inconsistent with other notation for this tag)
- +Com Comitative
- +Comp Comperative
- +ConNeg Negationform of the verb
- +Cond Conditional
- +DuDual
- +Du1 Dual 1. person
- +Du2 Dual 2. person
- +Du3 Dual 3. person
- +Ess Essive
- +Foc/ba Focusclitic (-)ba
- +Foc/bat Focusclitic (-)bat
- +Foc/be Focusclitic (-)be
- +Foc/ge Focusclitic (-)ge
- +Foc/gen Focusclitic (-)gen
- +Foc/ges Focusclitic (-)ges
- +Foc/gis Focusclitic (-)gis
- +Foc/hal Focusclitic (-)hal
- +Foc/han Focusclitic (-)han
- +Foc/naj Focusclitic (-)nai
- +Foc/naj+Qst Focusclitic (-)naigo
- +Foc/son Focusclitic (-)son
- +Gen Genitive
- +Ger Gerund
- +IV Intrasitive verb
- +Ill Illative
- +Imprt Imperative
- +Ind Indicative
- +Inf Infinitive
- +LEFT Left parenthesis
- +Loc Locative
- +Neg Negationverb
- +Nom Nominative
- +PUNCT Punctuation other than clause boundaries"/", "(", ")", "+"
- +Pl Plural
- +Pl1 Plural 1. person
- +Pl2 Plural 2. person
- +Pl3 Plural 3. person
- +Cmp/PlGen Plural genitive compound
- +Pot Potential
- +PrfPrc Perfect participle
- +Prs Present tense
- +PrsPrc Present participle
- +Prt Preteritum
- +PxDu1 Possessivesuffix dual 1. person
- +PxDu2 Possessivesuffix dual 2. person
- +PxDu3 Possessivesuffix dual 3. person
- +PxPl1 Possessivesuffix plural 1. person
- +PxPl2 Possessivesuffix plural 2. person
- +PxPl3 Possessivesuffix plural 3. person
- +PxSg1 Possessivesuffix singular 1. person
- +PxSg2 Possessivesuffix singular 2. person
- +PxSg3 Possessivesuffix singular 3. person
- +Qst Question clitic (-)go
- +Qst+Foc/son Question clitic
- +RIGHT Right parenthesis
- +Sg Singular
- +Sg1 Singular 1. person
- +Sg2 Singular 2. person
- +Sg3 Singular 3. person
- +Cmp/Sg Singular compound
- +Cmp/SgGen Singular genitive compound
- +Cmp/SgNom Singular nominative compound
- +Sup Supinum
- +Superl Superlative
- +TV Transitive verb
- +VAbess Verb abessive
- +VGen Verb genitive
Derivational suffix tags
- +Der/Dimin Diminutive
- +Der/adda suffix
- +Der/ahtti suffix
- +Der/alla suffix
- +Der/amoš suffix
- +Der/asti suffix
- +Der/aš suffix
- +Der/d suffix
- +Der/duohkai suffix
- +Der/duohke suffix
- +Der/NomAg agent noun
- +Der/eamoš suffix
- +Der/NomAct action noun
- +Der/easti suffix
- +Der/g suffix
- +Der/geahtes suffix
- +Der/goahti suffix
- +Der/h suffix
- +Der/halla suffix
- +Der/hat suffix
- +Der/heapmi suffix
- +Der/hudda suffix
- +Der/huhtti suffix
- +Der/huvva suffix
- +Der/j suffix
- +Der/l suffix
- +Der/las suffix
- +Der/laš suffix
- +Der/lágan suffix
- +Der/meahttun suffix
- +Der/muš suffix
- +Der/PassL passive verb, long form
- +Der/PassS passive verb, short form
- +Der/st suffix
- +Der/stuvva suffix
- +Der/supmi suffix
- +Der/upmi suffix
- +Der/us suffix
- +Der/viđi suffix
- +Der/viđá suffix
- +Der/vuohta suffix
- +Der/vuolde suffix
- +Der/vuollai suffix
- +Der/vuolle suffix
- +Der/š suffix
Semantic tags
These are tags used for classifying names and nouns, e.g. +Prop+Sem/Fem
- +Sem/Ani
- Animal name
- +Sem/Fem
- Female name
- +Sem/Mal
- Male name
- +Sem/Obj
- Object
- +Sem/Org
- Organisation name
- +Sem/Plc
- Place
- +Sem/Sur
- Surname
- +Sem/WEB
- Web addresse
A critical discussion of some particular tags
Determiner or Pronoun
the POSs of words like buot, dat, etc. get different terms in the literature.
Nickel:
- indefinite pronouns ("ubestemte pronomen"): vaikko mii, mihkkege, buot, buohkat, eanas...
Vesa Guttorm:
- determiner ("pronomendeterminatiiva")
Magga 1980:
- demonstrative pronouns ("čujuheaddji pronomenat"): dat, dát, diet, duot, dot
- interrogative pronouns ("gažaldatpronomenat")
- relative pronouns ("relatiivapronomenat")
- personal pronouns ("persovnnalaš pronomenat")
- indefinite pronouns ("indefinihtta (mearritkeahtes) pronomenat"): muhtun, soames, goappašagat
- reciprocal pronouns ("resiprohka pronomenat: goabbat buoibmame, guhtet guoimmiset")
Outi Kilpimaa:
- determiner ("dat-determinánttalš"): dat,...
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