Morphological tags

On the bottom of this page is a list with all tags in alphabetical order.

Overview

All the words are analysed with dictionary form + grammatical tags. Each tag is introduced with a "+" sign. We thus have

biilla biila+N+Sg+Acc
boađán boahtit+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1

Note that you have to add the part of speech twice when you use the derivational tag:

boradišgohten boradit+V+Der/InchL+V+Ind+Prt+Sg1

The main parts of speech (POS) for North Sámi are:

Nouns (+N), adjectives (+A), verbs (+V), pronouns (+Pron), adverbs (+Adv), particles (+Pcle), subjunctions (+CS), conjunctions (+CC), postpositions (+Po), prepositions (+Pr) and interjections (+Interj).

The nouns

The string is +N+(Subclass)+(Semclass)+Number+Case(+Possessivesuffix)(+Clitic)". The word form biilasgo is thus analysed as biila+N+Sem/Veh+Sg+Gen+PxSg3+Qst.

Here is a list of the nominal tags, given in the same order as for the analysis. Note that the grammatical categories in parentheses can be omitted.

Part of speech +N
Subclass +Prop, +G3, +NomAg
Semantic class +Sem/Hum, +Sem/Plc, +Sem/Veh (see list)
Number +Sg, +Pl
Case +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com
(Possessive suffix) +PxSg1 +PxSg2 +PxSg3 +PxDu1 +PxDu2 +PxDu3 +PxPl1 +PxPl2 +PxPl3
(Clitic) +Qst +Foc/

The adjectives

Used non-attributively the adjective resembles the noun:

Part of speech +A
(Grade) +Comp, +Superl
Number +Sg, +Pl
Case +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com
(Clitic) e.g. +Qst (see list)

Used attributively the adjective has a quite simple tag scheme:

Part of speech +A
Attribute +Attr
(Clitic) e.g. +Qst (see list)

The verbs

Finite and infinite verb forms have quite distinct paradigms. Finite first:

Part of speech +V
(Derivation) +Der/PassL, +Der/PassS, +Der/h (see list)
Mood +Ind, +Pot, +Cond, +Imprt
Tense +Prs, +Prt
Person/Number +Sg1 +Sg2 +Sg3 +Du1 +Du2 +Du3 +Pl1 +Pl2 +Pl3, +ConNeg
Clitic e.g. +Qst (see list)

Infinite verb forms:

Part of speech +V
(Derivation) +Der/PassL
Nominal verb form +Inf, +Act, +Ger, +PrsPrc, +PrfPrc, +VGen, +VAbess
(Clitic) e.g. +Qst (see list)

Other derived verb forms:

Part of speech +V
Part of speech +N
Derivation +NomAg
Number +Sg, +Pl
Case +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com
(Possessive suffix) +PxSg1 +PxSg2 +PxSg3 +PxDu1 +PxDu2 +PxDu3 +PxPl1 +PxPl2 +PxPl3

Here is an example: oahppit > oahppi+N+NomAg+Pl+Nom

The pronouns

The personal, demonstrative and interrogative pronouns:

baseform+Pron+Pers+NumberPerson+Case

Example:

underlying form: mun+Pron+Pers+Sg1+Com, surface form: muinna

The reflexive pronouns:

baseform+Pron+pronoun_type+Case(+possessive suffix)

Example: underlying form: ieš+Pron+Refl+Loc+PxDu1, surface form: alddáme

The indeclinable words

These have their POS tag as their only tag:

underlying form: birra+Pr or birra+Po, surface form: birra

Alphabetic list over the tags

Part of speech and subclass

  • +A adjective
    • +Ord ordinal
  • +Adv adverb
  • +CC conjunction
  • +CS subjunction
  • +Interj interjection
  • +N noun
    • +Prop proper noun
    • +NomAg agent noun
    • +G3 geminat grade 3, e.g. s's
  • +Num numeral
    • +Card cardinal number
  • +Pcle particle
  • +Po postposition
  • +Pr preposition
  • +Pron pronoun
    • +Dem demonstrative pronoun
    • +Indef indefinite pronoun
    • +Interr interrogative pronoun
    • +Pers person pronoun
    • +Refl reflecsive pronoun
    • +Recipr reciprocal pronoun
    • +Rel relative pronoun
  • +N, +Advfor several parts of speech
    • +ABBR abbreviation
    • +ACR acronym

Grammatical properties

  • +Acc Accusative
  • +Actio Actio form of the verb
  • +Attr Attributive
  • +CLB Clause boundary
  • +Cmpnd Compound (inconsistent with other notation for this tag)
  • +Cmpnd+ Compound (left tag)(inconsistent with other notation for this tag)
  • +Com Comitative
  • +Comp Comperative
  • +ConNeg Negationform of the verb
  • +Cond Conditional
  • +DuDual
  • +Du1 Dual 1. person
  • +Du2 Dual 2. person
  • +Du3 Dual 3. person
  • +Ess Essive
  • +Foc/ba Focusclitic (-)ba
  • +Foc/bat Focusclitic (-)bat
  • +Foc/be Focusclitic (-)be
  • +Foc/ge Focusclitic (-)ge
  • +Foc/gen Focusclitic (-)gen
  • +Foc/ges Focusclitic (-)ges
  • +Foc/gis Focusclitic (-)gis
  • +Foc/hal Focusclitic (-)hal
  • +Foc/han Focusclitic (-)han
  • +Foc/naj Focusclitic (-)nai
  • +Foc/naj+Qst Focusclitic (-)naigo
  • +Foc/son Focusclitic (-)son
  • +Gen Genitive
  • +Ger Gerund
  • +IV Intrasitive verb
  • +Ill Illative
  • +Imprt Imperative
  • +Ind Indicative
  • +Inf Infinitive
  • +LEFT Left parenthesis
  • +Loc Locative
  • +Neg Negationverb
  • +Nom Nominative
  • +PUNCT Punctuation other than clause boundaries"/", "(", ")", "+"
  • +Pl Plural
  • +Pl1 Plural 1. person
  • +Pl2 Plural 2. person
  • +Pl3 Plural 3. person
  • +Cmp/PlGen Plural genitive compound
  • +Pot Potential
  • +PrfPrc Perfect participle
  • +Prs Present tense
  • +PrsPrc Present participle
  • +Prt Preteritum
  • +PxDu1 Possessivesuffix dual 1. person
  • +PxDu2 Possessivesuffix dual 2. person
  • +PxDu3 Possessivesuffix dual 3. person
  • +PxPl1 Possessivesuffix plural 1. person
  • +PxPl2 Possessivesuffix plural 2. person
  • +PxPl3 Possessivesuffix plural 3. person
  • +PxSg1 Possessivesuffix singular 1. person
  • +PxSg2 Possessivesuffix singular 2. person
  • +PxSg3 Possessivesuffix singular 3. person
  • +Qst Question clitic (-)go
  • +Qst+Foc/son Question clitic
  • +RIGHT Right parenthesis
  • +Sg Singular
  • +Sg1 Singular 1. person
  • +Sg2 Singular 2. person
  • +Sg3 Singular 3. person
  • +Cmp/Sg Singular compound
  • +Cmp/SgGen Singular genitive compound
  • +Cmp/SgNom Singular nominative compound
  • +Sup Supinum
  • +Superl Superlative
  • +TV Transitive verb
  • +VAbess Verb abessive
  • +VGen Verb genitive

Derivational suffix tags

  • +Der/Dimin Diminutive
  • +Der/adda suffix
  • +Der/ahtti suffix
  • +Der/alla suffix
  • +Der/amoš suffix
  • +Der/asti suffix
  • +Der/aš suffix
  • +Der/d suffix
  • +Der/duohkai suffix
  • +Der/duohke suffix
  • +Der/NomAg agent noun
  • +Der/eamoš suffix
  • +Der/NomAct action noun
  • +Der/easti suffix
  • +Der/g suffix
  • +Der/geahtes suffix
  • +Der/goahti suffix
  • +Der/h suffix
  • +Der/halla suffix
  • +Der/hat suffix
  • +Der/heapmi suffix
  • +Der/hudda suffix
  • +Der/huhtti suffix
  • +Der/huvva suffix
  • +Der/j suffix
  • +Der/l suffix
  • +Der/las suffix
  • +Der/laš suffix
  • +Der/lágan suffix
  • +Der/meahttun suffix
  • +Der/muš suffix
  • +Der/PassL passive verb, long form
  • +Der/PassS passive verb, short form
  • +Der/st suffix
  • +Der/stuvva suffix
  • +Der/supmi suffix
  • +Der/upmi suffix
  • +Der/us suffix
  • +Der/viđi suffix
  • +Der/viđá suffix
  • +Der/vuohta suffix
  • +Der/vuolde suffix
  • +Der/vuollai suffix
  • +Der/vuolle suffix
  • +Der/š suffix

Semantic tags

These are tags used for classifying names and nouns, e.g. +Prop+Sem/Fem

+Sem/Ani
Animal name
+Sem/Fem
Female name
+Sem/Mal
Male name
+Sem/Obj
Object
+Sem/Org
Organisation name
+Sem/Plc
Place
+Sem/Sur
Surname
+Sem/WEB
Web addresse

A critical discussion of some particular tags

Determiner or Pronoun

the POSs of words like buot, dat, etc. get different terms in the literature.

Nickel:

  • indefinite pronouns ("ubestemte pronomen"): vaikko mii, mihkkege, buot, buohkat, eanas...

Vesa Guttorm:

  • determiner ("pronomendeterminatiiva")

Magga 1980:

  • demonstrative pronouns ("čujuheaddji pronomenat"): dat, dát, diet, duot, dot
  • interrogative pronouns ("gažaldatpronomenat")
  • relative pronouns ("relatiivapronomenat")
  • personal pronouns ("persovnnalaš pronomenat")
  • indefinite pronouns ("indefinihtta (mearritkeahtes) pronomenat"): muhtun, soames, goappašagat
  • reciprocal pronouns ("resiprohka pronomenat: goabbat buoibmame, guhtet guoimmiset")

Outi Kilpimaa:

  • determiner ("dat-determinánttalš"): dat,...

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