root-morphology

INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF Western Mari LANGUAGE.

Analysis symbols The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Western Mari language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech are:

The parts of speech are further split up into:

+Dem

demonstrative

+Indef

indefinite

+Dep

dependent word requiring the presence of noun, e.g. ӹшке

+Interr

interrogative

+Pers

personal

+Recipr

reciprocal

+Refl

reflexive

+Rel

relative

The Usage extents are marked using following tags:

Forms from older orthographic norms are marked with the following tags:

The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number

The possession is marked as such: The comparative forms are: Numerals are classified under: Verb moods are: Verb personal forms are: Other verb forms are ыма Prc active participle ЫшЫ passive participle ЫмЫ negative passive participle ЫдЫмЫ

• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, © Special symbols are classified with: The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity: Special multiword units are analysed with: Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

Question and Focus particles:

• +Sem/Act Activity
• +Sem/Amount Amount
• +Sem/Ani Animate
• +Sem/Aniprod Animal Product
• +Sem/Body Bodypart
• +Sem/Body-abstr siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
• +Sem/Build Building
• +Sem/Build-part Part of Bulding, like the closet
• +Sem/Cat Category
• +Sem/Clth Clothes
• +Sem/Clth-jewl Jewelery
• +Sem/Clth-part part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji...
• +Sem/Ctain Container
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr Abstract container like bank account
• +Sem/Ctain-clth
• +Sem/Curr Currency like dollár, Not Money
• +Sem/Dance Dance
• +Sem/Dir Direction like GPS-kursa
• +Sem/Domain Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
• +Sem/Drink Drink
• +Sem/Dummytag Dummytag
• +Sem/Edu Educational event
• +Sem/Event Event
• +Sem/Feat Feature, like Árvu
• +Sem/Feat-phys Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
• +Sem/Feat-psych Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Feat-measr Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Fem Female name
• +Sem/Food Food
• +Sem/Food-med Medicine
• +Sem/Furn Furniture
• +Sem/Game Game
• +Sem/Geom Geometrical object
• +Sem/Group Animal or Human Group
• +Sem/Hum Human
• +Sem/Hum-abstr Human abstract
• +Sem/Ideol Ideology
• +Sem/Lang Language
• +Sem/Mal Male name
• +Sem/Mat Material for producing things
• +Sem/Measr Measure
• +Sem/Money Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
• +Sem/Obj Object
• +Sem/Obj-clo Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-cogn Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-el (Electrical) machine or apparatus
• +Sem/Obj-ling Object with something written on it
• +Sem/Obj-rope flexible ropelike object
• +Sem/Obj-surfc Surface object
• +Sem/Org Organisation
• +Sem/Part Feature, oassi, bealli
• +Sem/Perc-cogn Cognative perception
• +Sem/Perc-emo Emotional perception
• +Sem/Perc-phys Physical perception
• +Sem/Perc-psych Physical perception
• +Sem/Plant Plant
• +Sem/Plant-part Plant part
• +Sem/Plc Place
• +Sem/Plc-abstr Abstract place
• +Sem/Plc-elevate Place
• +Sem/Plc-line Place
• +Sem/Plc-water Place
• +Sem/Pos Position (as in social position job)
• +Sem/Process Process
• +Sem/Prod Product
• +Sem/Prod-audio Audio product
• +Sem/Prod-cogn Cognition product
• +Sem/Prod-ling Linguistic product
• +Sem/Prod-vis Visual product
• +Sem/Rel Relation
• +Sem/Route Name of a Route
• +Sem/Rule Rule or convention
• +Sem/Semcon Semantic concept
• +Sem/Sign Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
• +Sem/Sport Sport
• +Sem/State
• +Sem/State-sick Illness
• +Sem/Substnc Substance, like Air and Water
• +Sem/Sur Surname
• +Sem/Symbol Symbol
• +Sem/Time Time
• +Sem/Tool Prototypical tool for repairing things
• +Sem/Tool-catch Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
• +Sem/Tool-clean Tool used for cleaning
• +Sem/Tool-it Tool used in IT
• +Sem/Tool-measr Tool used for measuring
• +Sem/Tool-music Music instrument
• +Sem/Tool-write Writing tool
• +Sem/Txt Text (girji, lávlla...)
• +Sem/Veh Vehicle
• +Sem/Wpn Weapon
• +Sem/Wthr The Weather or the state of ground

Semantics are classified with

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech. Noun derivation

• +Foc/ок = too, also

Morphophonology To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

• +Foc/ок !
• +Foc/ок used in verb affix onset
• +Foc/ок used in verb affix onset
• +Foc/ок used in noun affix onset ine, ill

And following triggers to control variation

Lexeme disambiguation tags

• +Hom1 : Homonymy толам used in l element and lexc
• +Hom2 : Homonymy колем used in l element and lexc

• %^ConsTransf k loss in am-verbs, also z to ts
• %^KIN with kin terms for ӓвӓмӹн not мӱэмӹн
• %^А2ЫӸ with карта and картын витринӹн

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

The word forms in Hill Mari start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes: The assumption is that xml files with names pos.xml will provide the source material for the initial pos.lexc _LEXICON Pos_ entries

Small parts of speech