root-morphology

Morphology

INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF VEPS

Multichar_symbols

  • +TYÄ = Work that has to be done

The morphological analyses of wordforms of Veps are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech are:

  • +A = adjective
  • +Adp = adposition
  • +Adv = adverb
  • +CS = subordinating conjunction
  • +CC = coordinating conjunction
  • +Interj = interjection
  • +N = noun
  • +Num = numeral
  • +Pcle = particle
  • +Pr = preposition
  • +Po = postposition
  • +Pron = pronoun
  • +Qnt = quantifier
  • +V = verb

Parts of speech are further split up into:

Nouns

  • +Prop = proper

Pronouns

  • +Dem = demonstrative
  • +Indef = indefinite
  • +Interr = interrogative
  • +Pers = personal
  • +Recipr = reciprocal
  • +Refl = reflexive
  • +Rel = relative

Verbs

  • +Act = active voice
  • +Pss = passive voice

Nominals are inflected for Number and Case

Number

  • +Sg = singular
  • +Pl = plural

Case

  • +Abe = abessive
  • +Acc = accusative
  • +Abl = ablative case
  • +Ade = adessive
  • +All = allative
  • +Dat = dative case
  • +Ela = elative
  • +Ess = essive
  • +Exe = essive
  • +Gen = genitive case
  • +Ill = illative
  • +Ine = inessive
  • +Ins = instrumental
  • +Instr = instructive -IN
  • +Lat = Lative
  • +Loc = Locative
  • +Nom = nominative case
  • +Par = partitive
  • +Prl = prolative
  • +Tra = translative
  • +Voc = Vocative
  • +Pros =
  • +Adc =
  • +Apr =
  • +Egr =
  • +Ter1 =
  • +Ter2 =
  • +Ter3 =
  • +Add1 =
  • +Add2 =
  • +Apr1 =
  • +Apr2 =
  • +EssInst =

The Usage extents are marked using the following tags:

  • +Err/Orth =
  • +Use/-Spell =

The possession is marked as such:

  • +PxSg1 =
  • +PxSg2 =
  • +PxSg3 =
  • +PxPl1 =
  • +PxPl2 =
  • +PxPl3 =

The comparative forms are:

  • +Comp =
  • +Superl =

Numerals are classified under:

  • +Attr =
  • +Card =
  • +Ord =

Verb tense and moods are:

  • +Cond = conditional
  • +Ind = indicative
  • +Imprt = imperative

Tenses

  • +Prs =
  • +Prt =
  • +Pos =

Verb personal forms are:

  • +Sg1 Singular First Person
  • +Sg2 Singular Second Person
  • +Sg3 Singular Third Person
  • +Pl1 Plural First Person
  • +Pl2 Plural Second Person
  • +Pl3 Plural Third Person
  • +RcSg1
  • +RcSg2
  • +RcSg3
  • +RcPl1
  • +RcPl2
  • +RcPl3 =
  • +RcSg
  • +RcPl
  • +ScSg
  • +ScPl =

Other verb forms are

  • +Inf
  • +Ger
  • +Neg =
  • +ConNeg
  • +ConNegII =
  • +ImprtII =
  • +PrsPrc
  • +PrfPrc = nu
  • +Sup
  • +VGen
  • +VAbess =

ADVERBS

  • +Manner =
  • +Spat =
  • +Temp =

Abbreviated words are classified with:

  • +ABBR
  • +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
  • +ACR =

Special symbols are classified with:

  • +CLB
  • +PUNCT
  • +LEFT
  • +RIGHT =

The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:

  • +TV
  • +IV =

Special multiword units are analysed with:

  • +Multi =

Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

  • +Guess =

Question and Focus particles:

  • +Qst
  • +Foc =
  • +Clt =
  • +Foc/ki =
  • +Foc/žo =
  • +Appr =
  • +Advc =
  • +Ter =
  • +Pro =
  • +Car =
  • +PstI =
  • +PstII =

Semantics are classified with

  • +Sem/Mal
  • +Sem/Fem
  • +Sem/Sur =
  • +Sem/Plc =
  • +Sem/Org =
  • +Sem/Obj =
  • +Sem/Ani =
  • +Sem/Hum =
  • +Sem/Plant =
  • +Sem/Group =
  • +Sem/Time =
  • +Sem/Txt =
  • +Sem/Route =
  • +Sem/Measr =
  • +Sem/Wthr =
  • +Sem/Build =
  • +Sem/Edu =
  • +Sem/Veh =
  • +Sem/Clth =

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

  • +V→N
  • +V→V
  • +V→A =
  • +Der/Uz1 = sur»uz' A»N
  • +Der/Ta =
  • +Der/Te =
  • +Der/ma =
  • +Der/Tu =
  • +Der/IA =
  • +Der/Toi = nime»toi N»A
  • +Der/Matoi = V»A
  • +Der/Mine = V»N

Morphophonology To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

  • %{eØ%} vowel loss in oiged: oiktan
  • %{uØ%} vowel loss in sapug: sapkan
  • %{iØ%} vowel loss in paltin: paltnan
  • %{aØ%} vowel loss in samal: samlan
  • %{oØ%} vowel loss in zerkol: zerklon
  • {aä}
  • {oö}
  • {uü}

And following triggers to control variation

  • {front}
  • {back}
  • %^RmVow for removing vowels
  • %^WGStem
  • %^TS
  • %^RVow
  • %^LVow
  • %^LCns
  • %^WCns
  • %^AtoO
  • %^ÄtoÖ
  • %^OddSyll
  • %^StretchSyll2
  • %^SyllBr
  • %^E1
  • QAQ1
  • QAO1
  • QÄQ1
  • EH1
  • QEQ1
  • INE1
  • ZD1
  • ZS1
  • V1
  • AO1
  • EI1
  • ZS1
  • ZD1 These are for developing underlying morphology rules
  • D1
  • E1
  • U1
  • I1
  • AÄ1
  • OÖ1
  • UY1
  • V1
  • V2
  • V3

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

@P.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@ Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@ Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@ Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@ Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@ Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

@U.Cap.Obl@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The word forms in Veps start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes.