verbs-stems

Verb stems

Overview

  • Reference to VGen
  • Auxiliaries
    • NEG
    • LEDE
  • 2-syllabic: 2SYLL_ etc. (classified according to infinitive suffix)
  • 3-syllabic
  • 4-syllabic
  • Unclassified: verbstems, 3v, 4v

The lexica

Twosyllabic

  • 2SYLL_AASSAD - aassâđ ääss
    • Inf: â%>đ K
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^EA^CSH áásá,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: i^CSH%>h ääsih, rvow like Inf,
    • ConNeg: â^WG rvow like Inf,
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i^VBACK%>m aassim
  • 2SYLL_MOONNAD - moonnâđ ma^RVnn
    • Inf: â^VHIGH^RLEN%>đ (functions also for ääss)
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^CSH mana,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: e^CSH%>h maneh, rvow like Sg3
    • ConNeg: â^WG^VHIGH^RLEN rvow like Inf
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i^VHIGH^RLEN%>m moonnim
  • 2SYLL_TOOLLAD - toollâđ, tuáll
    • Inf: â^VBACK%>đ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: tuálá, á^CSH
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: i^CSH%>h tuálih, rvow like Sg3
    • ConNeg: â^WG^VHIGH^RLEN rvow like Sg3
    • Prt+Sg1: i^VBACK^RLEN%>m toollim
  • 2SYLL_TOOHAD - toohâđ, ta^RVh^RC
    • Inf: = 2SYLL_MOONNAD
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^CSH taha,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: e^CSH%>h taheh, rvow like Sg3
    • Ind+Prt+Sg3: â^WG^VHIGH^RLEN%>i juuvâi
    • ConNeg: rvow like Inf = 2SYLL_MOONNAD
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: toohim = 2SYLL_MOONNAD
  • 2SYLL_VIISSAD - viiššâđ, vi^RVšš
    • Inf: â^VHIGH^RLEN%>đ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^CSH višá,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: e^CSH^RVSH%>h, rvow like Sg3 višeh
    • ConNeg: â^WG^RLEN viišâ, rvow like Inf
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i^RLEN%>m viiššim
  • 2SYLL_KIESSAD - kiessâđ, kiess
    • Inf: â%>đ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^EA^CSH kiäsá,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: i^CSH%>h kiesih
    • ConNeg: â^WG rvow like Inf kiesâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i%>m kiessim
  • 2SYLL_VUOLLAD - vuollâđ, vuoll OBS: not Prs+Pl3 vowel like the others
    • Inf: â%>đ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^CSH^VHIGH vuálá,
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: i^CSH%>h vyelih
    • ConNeg: â^WG rvow like Inf vuolâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i%>m vuollim
  • 2SYLL_ETTAD ettâđ e^RVtt4
    • Inf: â^VHIGH%>đ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: á^CSH^VHIGH iätá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: e^CSH%>h
    • ConNeg: â^WG^VHIGH^RLEN
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: i%>m
  • 2SYLL_KALGAD kalgâđ
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: kálgá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: kälgih
    • ConNeg: kaalgâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: kalgim
  • 2SYLL_KAVNAD as ETTAD but with VBACK kavnâđ kä^RVvn
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: kávná
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: kävneh
    • ConNeg: kaavnâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: kävnim
  • 2SYLL_COGGAD kolgâđ ka^RVlg
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: kalga
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: kalgeh
    • ConNeg: koolgâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: kolgim
  • 2SYLL_KULGAD kulgâđ ko^RVlg
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: kolgá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: kolgeh
    • ConNeg: kuulgâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: kulgim
  • 2SYLL_OPPAD oppâđ uápp
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: uáppá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: uáppih
    • ConNeg: oopâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: oppim
  • 2SYLL_SODDAD šoddâđ ša^RVdd
    • Inf:
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: šadda
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: šaddeh
    • ConNeg: šoodâ
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: šoddim
  • 2SYLL_POHTED pohteđ: po5^RVht
    • poovtám RLEN
    • pohtá
    • pohteh
    • povte
  • 2SYLL_PIHTED pihteđ pi^RVht
    • pivtám
    • pihtá
    • pihteh
    • pivte
  • 2SYLL_KALVED kalveđ ka^RVlv
    • kalvam
    • kalva
    • kalveh
    • kalve
  • 2SYLL_JOTTEED
  • 2SYLL_ID
  • 2SYLL_EELLID: iälám iälá eelih ij ele
  • 2SYLL_KASTID
  • 2SYLL_CAALLID
    • Ind+Prs+Sg1: čálám
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: čáálá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: čäälih NB! čäällih?
  • 2SYLL_PAACCID
    • Ind+Prs+Sg1: páásám
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: páácá
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: pääcih NB! pääccih?
  • 2SYLL_TIETTID
  • 2SYLL_UADDID
  • 2SYLL_VYEIJID
  • 2SYLL_VYELGID like VYEIJID, but -i for reduced forms
  • JUAVVID
  • 2SYLL_OD
  • 2SYLL_OOD
    • Prt+Du1 njivvoim WG CLEN
  • 2SYLL_ORROOD like 2SYLL_OOD, but different triggers here and there
    • Prt+Du1 oroim WG
  • 2SYLL_UD
    • Inf: ruábbuđ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: ruábbu
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: ruábbuh
    • ConNeg: ruábu
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: ruábbum
  • 2SYLL_KUARRUD long dipht => -o
    • Inf: kuárruđ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: kuáru
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: kuáruh
    • ConNeg: kuáru, kuáro
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: koorrum
  • 2SYLL_UAZZUD
    • Inf: uážžuđ
    • Ind+Prs+Sg3: uážžu
    • Ind+Prs+Pl3: uážžuh
    • ConNeg: uážu
    • Ind+Prt+Sg1: ožžum

Threesyllabic

  • 3v (unclassified)
  • 3_LEKKASID (no stem change)
  • 3_CIELATTID (stem-final tt shortening) cielâttiđ: cielât Length change in stem: Consonant change only
  • 3_VYEJETTID (2syll vow short in Inf, long in Sg3, 1st syll V lengthening) vyejettiđ vyejeet
  • 3_PUTESTID (cns and vow lengthening) putestiđ: putteest Length change in stem: Short V in Inf (before V)
  • 3_COKKIITTID (stem-final tt shortening + 2syll vow shortening cokkiittiđ cokkit.
    • difference in negation + Action Ess, Loc.. compared to 3_COKKIITTID)
    • Length change in stem: Long V in Inf (before C#).
  • 3_KUIKETTID (stem-final tt shortening)
  • 3_MERIDID (Long root vowel and root conconant in third singular)
  • 3_ADELID
  • 3_UTTID
  • Sg3 suojâlA

4-syllabic

  • 4v
  • 4_ADELISTID
  • 4_KAVNATTATTAD
  • 4_TUHHID

Contracted

  • Contracted j-stems
    • C_COKKAD (áj-contracted)
      • Ind Prs Pl3 čokkájeh
    • C_PALLAD (aj-contracted)
    • C_TUHHID (ej-contracted)
    • C_RAMMUD (oj-contracted)
  • Contracted v-stems
    • C_TABAHTUD (Sg3 -uvá)
    • C_MERIDUD (Sg3 uvvoo)

Unclassified verbs

  • verbstem (no info)

Auxiliaries

  • ij+V+IV+Neg: NEG ;
  • leđe+V+IV: LEDE ;

Main verbs

Intransitive verbs Transitive verbs