mrj-phon-phonology

Hill Mari twol file

Alphabet, Sets and Definitions

Letters of the alphabet

  • а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ҥ о ӧ п р с т у ӱ ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӓ ӹ
  • А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н Ҥ О Ӧ П Р С Т У Ӱ Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӓ Ӹ

Archiphonemes for vowels

  • %{аӓ%}:ӓ a/ä alternation in vowel harmony
  • Е3: е ӓвӓмвлӓ
  • Е2: 0
  • %{ыӹØ%}:0
  • %{ыӹØ%}:0 used in verb affix onset
  • %{ыӹØ%}:0 used in noun affix onset ine, ill
  • %{ыӹØ%}:0 used in verb affix onset
  • %{ыӹ%}:0
  • А2: а
  • Ь2: 0 except with V АМ +Prt1+Sg1-3

Triggers

  • %{front%}:0 %{back%}:0 front-back vowel harmony
  • %^ConsTransf: 0
  • %^KIN: 0 with ӓвӓ in +PxSg1+Sg+Gen etc.
  • %^А2ЫӸ: 0 with карта and картын витринӹн

Boundary symbols

  • %>
  • hash #
  • %-

Sets

Definitions

Rules

Palatalisation

Palatal mark loss before vowel

й Deletion in front of я Suffix and others

кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:

ка00яш examples:

Ь2:ь Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1 толаш+V+Ind+Prt1+Sg1

  • тол%{back%}Ь2%>%{ыӹØ%}м
  • тол0ь%>ым

Ь2:0 Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1

Ь2:ш Palatal mark for V ЕМ +Prt1+Sg1

Vowel rules

Onset vowel in а

Onset vowel in ӓ

Onset vowel in я

Onset vowel in е

Onset vowel loss in suffix ыӹ0

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3

Onset vowel Е2 realized in suffix :е

Onset vowel Е2:э after retained vowel

Onset vowel Е3:э after retained vowel

Onset vowel е:э after retained vowel

Stem final ы loss before Е2

  • карта%>ы%>ын
  • карт0%>ы%>0н

Stem final ӹ loss before Е2

  • бирка%{front%}%>ӹ%>ӹн
  • бирк00%>ӹ%>0н

Vowel harmony

Onset vowel ыӹ0 realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ы

Onset vowel %{ыӹØ%} realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ӹ

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ӹ

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ы

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:е

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:э

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0

комбы%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:

комбы00штем examples:

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0

олма%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:

олма0эштем examples:

Affix mid or final front %{аӓ%}:ӓ

комбы%>еш%>н%{аӓ%} examples:

комб00еш0нӓ examples: ӹштӓш+Hom2+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: do/tehdä

  • ӹштӹ%{front%}%>%{аӓ%}

библиотека%{front%}%^А2ЫӸ%>л%{аӓ%}н examples:

библиотекӹ00%>лӓн examples:

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:а толаш+V+Ind+Prs+Pl1: come/tulla

  • тол%{back%}%>%{ыӹе%}н%{аӓ%}
  • тол0%>ына

колт%>%{ыӹØ%}д%{аӓ%} examples:

колт0ыда examples:

яд%{back%}%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:

яд0%>аш examples:

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:я

кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:

ка0%>яш examples:

Affix initial back а:я

Not SgNom а:ы

Not SgNom а:ӹ

suffix-final vowel backed %{ыӹ%}ы

suffix-final vowel fronted %{ыӹ%}:ӹ

Consonant loss or transformation

т:0 in am type verbs лӓктӓш: лӓкнӓ

к:0 in am type verbs качкаш: качна

з:ц in am type verbs вазаш: вацна

н:0 before з:ц in am type verbs негӹнзӓш: негӹц

Vowel again

Vowel gain

0:ы between ш _ ж йиш: йишӹжӹ

0:ӹ between ш _ ж йиш: йишӹжӹ

Vowel loss

suffix-final vowel loss before subsequent suffix-initial vowel %{ыӹ%}:0

Not SgNom for lat а:0

Not SgNom for lat е:0

  • варенье%>ӹ%>влӓ
  • варень0%>ӹ%>влӓ

Devoicing

Onset consonant devoicing

DISALLOW