root-morphology

Northern Haida morphological analyser

This file shows the Northern Haida multichar symbols and initial lexica.

Definitions for Multichar_Symbols

Analysis symbols

The morphological analyses of wordforms of Northern Haida are presented in this system in terms of following symbols.

(It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech could perhaps also be (remove irrelevant):

These are vowel morphophonemes which will lose their accent when they are no long in closed syllables

  • á2 =
  • é2 =
  • í2 =
  • ú2 =
  • s2 =

Haida has these tags for real, says Jordan.

  • +V = Verbs
  • +N = Nouns
  • +Prop = Proper nouns
  • +Neg = Negative
  • +3pl = 3rd personal definite plural participant
  • +Interr = Interrogative
  • +Fut = Future
  • +Past = Past
  • +Pres = Present
  • +Hab = Habitual
  • +Bias = Biased
  • +Cert = Certain
  • +Simp = Simple
  • +Rel = Relative
  • +NonFact = Non_Factive
  • +Imm = Immediate
  • +VNear = Very near
  • +Rflx = Reflexive
  • +Near =
  • +Indir = Indirect evidentiality
  • +Dir = Direct evidentiality
  • +Cont = Should keep on verbing
  • +Short =
  • +Res = Resigned obligation
  • +Long =
  • +Ints = Intensive
  • +Impv = Imperative
  • +Evid = Evidential
  • +Ctfact = Counterfactual
  • +Sg = Singular
  • +Pl = Plural
  • +Def =
  • +Indef =
  • +Rfx = Used for reflexively possessed body parts and kinterms
  • +Abs = Non-reflexive forms of body parts and kinterms
  • +Pron =
  • +Ptcl =
  • +Cond-Aux1 = Used before non-ablauting secondary verbs
  • +Cond-Aux2 = Used before ablauting secondary verbs

Quasi-inflectional Tags

  • +Ext = Extensional suffix -dáal
  • +Circum = Circumambulative singular suffix -gwáang
  • +Stand-Sg = Singular standing quasi-infl suffix -gyaʼáng
  • +Stand-Pl = Plural standing quasi-infl suffix -gyaʼáang
  • +Order = Quasi-infl suffix -hahl "tell to V"
  • +Incep = Quasi-infl suffix -hid "start to V"
  • +Almost = Quasi-infl suffix -sgä "almost V"
  • +Nocturn = Quasi-infl suffix -ʼuhla "V all night"
  • +Sit-Sg = Quasi-infl suffix -ʼwä "V sitting (sg)"
  • +Sit-Pl = Quasi-infl suffix -ʼwaʼáang "V sitting (pl)"
  • +Distrib = Quasi-infl suffix -agang "each"

Valency Tags

  • +Val/0 = Environmental verbs (no subject) (0)
  • +Val/I = Impersonal Descriptive verbs (Si)
  • +Val/A = Active Descriptive verbs (Sa)
  • +Val/P = Passive Descriptive verbs (Sp)
  • +Val/AO = Active Dynamic verbs (Sa) (O)
  • +Val/AOR = Active Dynamic Reflexive verbs (Sa) (Or)
  • +Val/PO = Passive Dynamic verbs (Sp) (O)
  • +Val/IO = Impersonal Dynamic verbs (Si) (O)
  • +Val/AC = Active Causative verbs (Sa) (C)
  • +Val/ACR = Active Causative Reflexive verbs (Sa) (Cr)
  • +Val/PC = Passive Causative verbs (Sp) (C)
  • +Val/IC = Impersonal Causative verbs (Si) (C)
  • +Val/ACO = Active Transcausative verbs (Sa) (C) (O)
  • +Val/0X = Extended Environmental verbs (no subject) (0) (X)
  • +Val/IX = Extended Impersonal Descriptive verbs (Si) (X)
  • +Val/AX = Extended Active Descriptive verbs (Sa) (X)
  • +Val/PX = Extended Passive Descriptive verbs (Sp) (X)
  • +Val/AOX = Extended Active Dynamic verbs (Sa) (O) (X)
  • +Val/AORX = Extended Active Dynamic Reflexive verbs (Sa) (Or) (X)
  • +Val/POX = Extended Passive Dynamic verbs (Sp) (O) (X)
  • +Val/IOX = Extended Impersonal Dynamic verbs (Si) (O) (X)
  • +Val/ACX = Extended Active Causative verbs (Sa) (C) (X)
  • +Val/ACRX = Extended Active Causative Reflexive verbs (Sa) (Cr) (X)
  • +Val/PCX = Extended Passive Causative verbs (Sp) (C) (X)
  • +Val/ICX = Extended Impersonal Causative verbs (Si) (C) (X)
  • +Val/ACOX = Extended Active Transcausative verbs (Sa) (C) (O) (X)

The Human Classifiers

  • +CL/dla =
  • +CL/hlga =
  • +CL/k’u =

The Shape Classifiers

  • +CL/cha =
  • +CL/gáng =
  • +CL/gi =
  • +CL/gu =
  • +CL/g̲a =
  • +CL/hlga =
  • +CL/hlgi =
  • +CL/hlg̲a =
  • +CL/hlk’u =
  • +CL/hlk̲’a =
  • +CL/hlk̲’uhl =
  • +CL/ja =
  • +CL/k̲ʼíi =
  • +CL/sda =
  • +CL/sga =
  • +CL/sg̲a =
  • +CL/skáa =
  • +CL/sk’a =
  • +CL/sk̲’a =
  • +CL/stl’a =
  • +CL/tíi =
  • +CL/tl’a =
  • +CL/ts’as =
  • +CL/t’a =
  • +CL/t’áw =
  • +CL/xa =

The Descriptive Classifiers

  • +CL/cháam =
  • +CL/chab =
  • +CL/dab =
  • +CL/dám =
  • +CL/dláam =
  • +CL/dlál =
  • +CL/gám =
  • +CL/gáw =
  • +CL/gyáam =
  • +CL/g̲áam =
  • +CL/ĝám =
  • +CL/hám =
  • +CL/hlgáam =
  • +CL/hlgám =
  • +CL/hlgi =
  • +CL/hlg̲áam =
  • +CL/hlg̲áy =
  • +CL/hlĝám =
  • +CL/hlku =
  • +CL/hlkuhl =
  • +CL/hlkʼu =
  • +CL/hlk̲ám =
  • +CL/hlk̲ʼáam =
  • +CL/hlk̲ʼuhl =
  • +CL/hlk̲ʼwáahl =
  • +CL/hltab =
  • +CL/hltám =
  • +CL/hltʼáam =
  • +CL/hltʼab =
  • +CL/hltʼahl =
  • +CL/id =
  • +CL/is =
  • +CL/ja =
  • +CL/jah =
  • +CL/jíi =
  • +CL/káa =
  • +CL/kál =
  • +CL/kám =
  • +CL/ki =
  • +CL/kún =
  • +CL/kʼu =
  • +CL/kʼúl =
  • +CL/k̲ám =
  • +CL/k̲áw =
  • +CL/k̲ʼa =
  • +CL/k̲ʼáam =
  • +CL/k̲ʼéem =
  • +CL/k̲ʼuhl =
  • +CL/k̲ʼún =
  • +CL/k̲ʼwáahl =
  • +CL/mál =
  • +CL/sdáam =
  • +CL/sdah =
  • +CL/sdúu =
  • +CL/sga =
  • +CL/sgab =
  • +CL/sgáam =
  • +CL/sgám =
  • +CL/sgíl =
  • +CL/sgún =
  • +CL/sg̲áam =
  • +CL/skám =
  • +CL/skʼáam =
  • +CL/skʼál =
  • +CL/sk̲ʼáam =
  • +CL/sk̲ʼihl =
  • +CL/smál =
  • +CL/stad =
  • +CL/stlúu =
  • +CL/stlʼáam =
  • +CL/sʼahl =
  • +CL/tlúu =
  • +CL/tlʼáam =
  • +CL/tlʼab =
  • +CL/tlʼad =
  • +CL/tlʼúu =
  • +CL/tsʼúu =
  • +CL/tʼáam =
  • +CL/tʼab =
  • +CL/tʼám =
  • +CL/xab =
  • +CL/xáw =
  • +CL/x̲a =

Restricted Descriptive Classifiers

  • +CL/ga =
  • +CL/gáam =
  • +CL/gab =
  • +CL/gáng =
  • +CL/gu =
  • +CL/gúl =
  • +CL/hlkwáahl =
  • +CL/hlkʼib =
  • +CL/hlk̲áa =
  • +CL/hlk̲íl =
  • +CL/hltáam =
  • +CL/hltab =
  • +CL/hltʼah =
  • +CL/hltʼab =
  • +CL/jám =
  • +CL/jíi =
  • +CL/jíihl =
  • +CL/kám =
  • +CL/kún =
  • +CL/kʼwáa =
  • +CL/kʼwáahl =
  • +CL/k̲ab =
  • +CL/k̲ʼa =
  • +CL/k̲ʼah =
  • +CL/síi =
  • +CL/skáy =
  • +CL/sk̲ʼéehl =
  • +CL/stláam =
  • +CL/stlab =
  • +CL/stlʼúu =
  • +CL/sʼab =
  • +CL/sʼyúu =
  • +CL/tláa =
  • +CL/tlʼáahl =
  • +CL/tlʼán =
  • +CL/tlʼál =
  • +CL/tsʼám =
  • +CL/tʼab =
  • +CL/xáam =
  • +CL/xwáad =
  • +CL/x̲a =
  • +CL/x̲ab =
  • +CL/x̲aw =
  • +CL/x̲áam =
  • +CL/x̲ún =
  • +CL/x̲úl =

Rare Classifiers (SKIPPED, LEXICALIZE THESE)

Sound Classifiers (ALSO LEXICALIZE?)

Human Classifers (to be added)

The pre-verb classifiers

  • CL/Shape+ =
  • CL/Manner+ =
  • CL/Human+ =
  • CL/Human_Male+ =
  • CL/Human_Female+ =
  • CL/Descriptive+ =
  • CL/Sound+ =
  • CL/Color+ =
  • +CL/Shape =
  • +CL/Manner =
  • +CL/Human =
  • +CL/Human_Male =
  • +CL/Human_Female =
  • +CL/Descriptive =
  • +CL/Sound =
  • +CL/Color =

Semantic Tags

Dialect Tags

Triggers

The parts-of-speech could perhaps also be (remove irrelevant):

  • +A =
  • +Adv =
  • +Pron =
  • +CS =
  • +CC =
  • +Adp =
  • +Po =
  • +Pr =
  • +Interj =
  • +Pcle =
  • +Num =
  • +Def =
  • +Indef =

The parts of speech are further split up into:

  • +Prop =
  • +Pers =
  • +Dem =
  • +Interr =
  • +Refl =
  • +Recipr =
  • +Rel =
  • +Indef =

The Usage extents are marked using the following tags:

  • +Err/Orth = Substandard forms
  • +Use/-Spell = Not included in speller

The nominals are inflected in the following Number

  • +Sg =
  • +Pl =
  • +Indef =
  • +Def =
  • +Abs =
  • +Rfx =

The verbs can have the following morphological features:

  • +1sg =
  • +2dl =
  • +2pl =
  • +2sg =
  • +3pl =
  • +3sg =
  • +Edl =
  • +Epl =
  • +Fut =
  • +FutImp =
  • +Hab =
  • +Idl =
  • +ImmPast =
  • +Inf =
  • +Ipl =
  • +Prs =
  • +PrsImp =
  • +RemPast =
  • +RepPast =

Verb prefixes

Muilti word expressions

tag for generating the MWE for abbr

The TAM flags

Verbs and prnouns

  • +1Sg first singular
  • +2Sg etc
  • +3Sg third singular

Verbs and pronouns

  • +1Sg = first person singular
  • +2Sg = second person singular
  • +3Sg = third person singular
  • +1Pl = first person plural
  • +2Pl = second person plural
  • +3Pl = third person plural
  • +ABBR = Abbreviations
  • +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
  • +ACR = Acronyms

Special symbols are classified with:

  • +CLB = Clause boundary symbols
  • +PUNCT = Other punctuation marks
  • +LEFT = Left part of paired symbols
  • +RIGHT = Right part of paired symbols

The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:

  • +TV
  • +IV

Special multiword units are analysed with:

  • +Multi

Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

  • +Guess

Composite UTF-8 characters, i.e. g, k, and x with

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

@P.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@ Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@ Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@ Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@ Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@ Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

@U.Cap.Obl@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The word forms in Northern Haida start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes:

  • VERB_ROOT ;