sje

Authors

Divvun and Giellatekno teams, community members

Software version

2012

Documentation license

GNU GFDL

SVN Revision

$Revision:68217 $

SVN Date

$Date:2013-01-16 11:31:33 +0200 (Wed, 16 Jan 2013) $

This is free and open source Pite Sami morphology.

This file contains the tags and reference to main lexica

POS

• +N Noun
• +V Verb
• +A Adjective
• +Adv Adverb
• +CC Coordinating conjuction
• +CS Subordinating conjuction
• +Interj Interjection
• +Pron Pronoun
• +Num Numeral
• +Pcle Particle
• +Po Postposition
• +Pr Preposition

Subclasses

• +Pers Personal
• +Dem Demonstrative
• +Interr Interrogative
• +Indef Indefinite
• +Refl Reflexive
• +Recipr Reciprocal
• +Rel Relative
• +NomAg Agent noun
• +Attr Attributive
• +Comp Comparative
• +Superl Superlative

Morphosyntactic properties

Verbal MSP

Tense-mode

• +Prs Present tense
• +Prt Preterite (past) tense
• +Ind Indicative mood
• +Imprt Imperative mood
• +Pot Potential mood

Person-number

• +Sg1 First person singular
• +Sg2 Second person singular
• +Sg3 Third person singular
• +Du1 First person dual
• +Du2 Second person dual
• +Du3 Third person dual
• +Pl1 First person plural
• +Pl2 Second person plural
• +Pl3 Third person plural

Infinite forms

• +Inf Infinitive
• +Neg Negation verb
• +ConNeg Connegative verb
• +GerI Gerund I
• +GerII Gerund II
• +PrfPrc Perfect participle
• +PrsPrc Present participle
• +VAbess Verb abessive
• +Cmp Compound
• +TV Transitive verb
• +IV Intransitive verb

Other tags

• +ABBR Abbreviation
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• +Coll Collocation
• +Cmp/SgNom Compound component using Nominative Singular form
• +Cmp/SgGen Compound component using Genitive Singular form
• +Det Determiner

Derivation tags

• +Der/NomAg Derived agent noun
• +Der/Dimin Derived diminutive
• +Der/State Derived state noun

Nominal MSP

• +Sg Singular
• +Pl Plural

Case

• +Nom Nominative
• +Acc Accusative
• +Gen Genitive
• +Ill Illative
• +Ine Inessive
• +Ela Elative
• +Com Comitative
• +Ess Essive
• +Abe Abessive
• +Ord Ordinal
• +Card Cardinal

Semantic properties of names

Pssessive suffixes

• +PxSg1 First person singular possessive suffix
• +PxSg2 Second person singular possessive suffix
• +PxSg3 Third person singular possessive suffix
• +PxDu1 First person dual possessive suffix
• +PxDu2 Second person dual possessive suffix
• +PxDu3 Third person dual possessive suffix
• +PxPl1 First person plural possessive suffix
• +PxPl2 Second person plural possessive suffix
• +PxPl3 Third person plural possessive suffix

Other tags

• +Err/Orth Not part of standard orthography
• +Use/NG Found in reality, but not generated
• +Use/Circ
• +Cmp/Hyph
• +Cmp/SplitR
• +Use/-Spell
• +Use/NGminip

Compounding tags

The tags are of the following form:

• +CmpNP/xxx - Normative (N), Position (P), ie. the tag describes what position the tagged word can be in in a compound
• +CmpN/xxx - Normative (N) form ie. the tag describes what form the tagged word should use when making compounds
• +Cmp/xxx - Descriptive compounding tags, ie. tags that describes what form a word actually is using in a compound

Normative/prescriptive compounding tags: (to govern compound behaviour for the speller, ie. what a compound SHOULD BE)

The first part of the component may be ..

• +CmpN/Sg = Singular
• +CmpN/SgN = Singular Nominative
• +CmpN/SgG = Singular Genitive
• +CmpN/PlG = Plural Genitive

• +CmpNP/All - ... be in all positions, default, this tag does not have to be written
• +CmpNP/First - ... only be first part in a compound or alone
• +CmpNP/Pref - ... only first part in a compound, NEVER alone
• +CmpNP/Last - ... only be last part in a compound or alone
• +CmpNP/Suff - ... only last part in a compound, NEVER alone
• +CmpNP/None - ... not take part in compounds
• +CmpNP/Only - ... only be part of a compound, i.e. can never be used alone, but can appear in any position

• +CmpN/SgLeft Singular to the left
• +CmpN/SgNomLeft Singular nominative to the left
• +CmpN/SgGenLeft Singular genitive to the left
• +CmpN/PlGenLeft Plural genitive to the left

• +Cmp/Sg Singular
• +Cmp/SgNom Singular Nominative
• +Cmp/SgGen Singular Genitive
• +Cmp/PlGen Plural Genitiv
• +Cmp/PlNom Plural Nominative
• +Cmp/Attr Attribute
• +Cmp Dynamic compound - this tag should always be part of a dynamic compound. It is important for Apertium, and useful in other cases as well.
• +Cmp/SplitR This is a split compound with the other part to the right: "Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet" => Arbeids- = +Cmp/SplitR
• +Cmp/SplitL This is a split compound with the other part to the left
• +Cmp/Sh testing ShCmp

Punctuation tags

• +CLB Clause boundary
• +PUNCT Punctuation
• +LEFT
• +RIGHT
• +SENT

Morphophonological symbols

Symbols for regulating the twolc file

^WG * weak grade ^G3 * marks grade three for stems w/o Cgrad ^V2E2AA * e to á (before j), o to u before j in V2 ^CDEL * Deleting final consonant, biednag ^VDEL * Deleting final V2 vowel in compounds or gájk ^MON * Monophthong in contract ^UAUML * uo to uä juolge / juällge ^IEUML * ie to ä etc. gielbar gællbara ^IUML * a to i, gallgat gillgin ^IJ * e to i in front of Plural j and Sg Com ^V2O2U * o to u in V2 (e.g. Ill.Sg, Dim, some N_ODD) etc. ^MONB4J * No rules for this one in twolc!

Archiphonemes

i2 * Variable vowel, does not trigger VH u2 * Variable vowel, does not trigger VH ä2 * Variable vowel, does not undergo (further) VH b2 d2 g2 t2 j2 * Variable consonants, undergo final devoicing or other alternations ^O * o but ä in uä

  »7       * »
  «7       * «
  %[%>%]   * >
  %[%<%]   * <

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

Lexicon Root starts the analyser and directs paths to all POS.

And this is the ENDLEX of everything:

 @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@@D.CmpPref.TRUE@@D.NeedNoun.ON@ # ; 

The @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ flag diacritic is ued to disallow words tagged with +CmpNP/Only to end here. The @D.NeedNoun.ON@ flag diacritic is used to block illegal compounds.

Här är lexikon för adjektivsböjning. Först jämnstaviga, så uddastaviga, och sen kontrakta. Efteråt kommer morfologin, som också spiller över i nouns.lexc.

• LEXICON A_EVEN_IES

• LEXICON A_EVEN_B

• LEXICON A_EVEN_D ex. almelatj: almelatja, nominativ och attributiv fungerar ej

• LEXICON A_EVEN_0 cs

• LEXICON A_EVEN_NOCG_S ex. jasska, állke

• LEXICON A_EVEN

• LEXICON A_EVEN_NOCG

• LEXICON COMPSUP

• LEXICON COMPSUP_A

• LEXICON COMPSUP_B

• LEXICON A_ODD är uddastaviga

• LEXICON A_ODD_GIS är uddastaviga ex.bavrek: bavreg- d

• LEXICON A_ODD_SIS är uddastaviga ex aset: ased-

• LEXICON A_ODD_AA är uddastaviga ex suddes.suddás-

• LEXICON A_ODD_S är uddastaviga ex blávvat: blávvad-/blávvis

• LEXICON A_ODD_Y är uddastaviga ex tjuavvgat: tjuavvgad-/tjuvvgis

• LEXICON A_ODD_Å är uddastaviga ex lusjgos: lusjgos-

• LEXICON A_ODD_Ä är uddastaviga ex stumbu: stumbus-

• LEXICON A_ODD_DD är uddastaviga ex gilos: gillus-

• LEXICON A_ODD_ÖÖ är uddastaviga ex rádes, rádep !kolla compsup

• LEXICON A_ODD_k_K är uddastaviga ex tjuorak: tjuorag-

• LEXICON A_EVEN_KONTR_C , exempel sjtänntjáj: sjtänntjá

• LEXICON A_EVEN_KONTR_D , exempel låmmsje: låmmsjá/låmmsjes (attr)

• LEXICON A_EVEN_KONTR_E , exempel mivkes: mivkká-/mivka (attr)

Lexica for adding tags and periods

Splitting in 3 groups, because of the preprocessor

• LEXICON Abbreviation

• LEXICON trab-ab-noun
• LEXICON trab-ab-adj
• LEXICON trab-ab-adv
• LEXICON trab-ab-verb
• LEXICON trab-ab-num
• LEXICON trab-ab-cc

• LEXICON itrab-ab-noun
• LEXICON itrab-ab-adj
• LEXICON itrab-ab-adv
• LEXICON itrab-ab-num

• LEXICON trnumab-ab-noun
• LEXICON trnumab-ab-adj

• LEXICON ab-nodot-noun The bulk Here come POS and Case tags, and no period.

• LEXICON ab-nodot-adj

• LEXICON ab-nodot-adv

• LEXICON ab-nodot-num

• LEXICON ab-nodot-cc

• LEXICON ab-nodot-verb

Intransitive abbreviations

• LEXICON ITRAB

• LEXICON TRNUMAB

Transitive abbreviations

• LEXICON TRAB

• LEXICON Adjective is the main lexicon

Lexc inflectional classes (Mini-grammar)

• LEXICON Postposition is the list

• LEXICON PrePostposition is the list

• LEXICON PostP adds the tag +Po

• LEXICON PrePost adds the tags +Po and +Pr

Adverbs

• LEXICON adv adds the tag +Adv

• LEXICON Adverb is the list

• LEXICON CC gives +CC

• LEXICON Conjunction is the list.

• LEXICON interj gives the tag +Interj

• LEXICON Interjection is the list

• LEXICON Noun is the main lexicon

Lexc inflectional classes (Mini-grammar)

• Even-syllable stem patterns:
  • N_EVEN: bisyllabic stems except those ending in -o- (e.g. juällge, bijjla, gisstá, gällu, båsskå)
  • N_EVEN_O: bisyllabic stems ending in -o- (e.g. iello)
  • N_EVEN4: tetrasyllabic stems (trisyllabic in Nom.Sg) ending in -k/-g-, -tj- (e.g. mánnodak, såbmelatj)
  • N_EVEN4_ISA: tetrasyllabic stems (trisyllabic in Nom.Sg) ending in -is/-as- (e.g. guoksagis)
• Odd-syllable stem patterns:
  • N_ODD: odd-syllable stems ending in a closed syllable and without consonant gradation (e.g. almatj)
  • N_ODD_OPEN: odd-syllable stems ending in an open syllable (e.g. biena)
  • N_ODD_VH: odd-syllable stems ending in a closed syllable and with vowel harmony (e.g. ålol)
  • N_ODD_WG: odd-syllable stems ending in a closed syllable (e.g. vanas)
• Contracted stem patterns:
  • N_CONTR_AJA: contracted stems ending in -aj or -a (e.g. ålmaj)
  • N_CONTR_ESA: contracted stems ending in -es or -á (e.g. sarves)
  • N_CONTR_OJU: contracted stems ending in -oj or -u (e.g. båtsoj)
  • N_CONTR_OU: contracted stems ending in -o or -u (e.g. suolo)

• LEXICON Numeral

• LEXICON pcle the tag

• LEXICON Particle the list

Pronouns

• LEXICON Pronoun

• LEXICON Personal

• LEXICON perssg

• LEXICON persdu

• LEXICON perspl

• LEXICON Demonstrative

• LEXICON Determiner

• LEXICON Relative

• LEXICON Interrogative

• LEXICON Indefinita

• LEXICON Reflexive

• LEXICON gallacase

Propernouns

• LEXICON ProperNoun

• LEXICON Punctuation

• LEXICON CS

• LEXICON Subjunction

• LEXICON Verb is the main lexicon

Lexc inflectional classes (Mini-grammar)

• V_EVEN_E: even-syllable stems ending in -e- (e.g. båhtet)
• V_EVEN_A: even-syllable stems ending in -a- (e.g. dahkat)
• V_EVEN_O: even-syllable stems ending in -o- (e.g. viessot)
• V_EVEN_Å: even-syllable stems ending in -å- (e.g. bårråt)

• V_ODD: odd-syllable stems (e.g. ságastit)

• V_CONTR: contracted stems (e.g. gullit -j-, tjerrut -j-)

• lä: LE "copula/auxiliary verb" ;
• ij: IJ "negation verb" ;

%^WG

0 :weak grade

%^G3

0 :marks grade three for stems w/o Cgrad

%^V2E2AA

0 :e to á in V2 (e.g. ILL.SG, DIM, 1/2-Sg) %^V2O2U:0 * o to u in V2 (e.g. Ill.Sg, Dim, some N_ODD) etc.

%^CDEL

0 :delete final consonant odd (biednag)

%^VDEL

0 :delete final V2 vowel in compounds or gájk

%^MON

0 :Monophthong in contracted stems

%^UAUML

0 :uo to uä juolge / juällge

%^IEUML

0 :ie to ä, gielbar / gällbara %^IUML:0 * a to i, gallgat gillgin %^IJ:0 * e to i in front of Plural j and Sg Com %^MONB4J:0 * what is this?

Consonant gradation rules

Consonant Gradation for htt(j|s):ht(j|s)

Consonant Gradation for hxx:hx

Consonant Gradation for xdn(j):xn(j)

Consonant Gradation for xx:x

Consonant Gradation for xxy:xy

Consonant Gradation for xxt(j|s):xt(j|s)

Consonant Gradation for xxsj:xsj

Consonant Gradation for xy:y

Delete h in hx:y

Intervocalic voiced plosives in hx:y

Consonant Gradation for l/jbm:l/jm

Consonant Gradation for nnjg:njg

Consonant Gradation for vgŋ:vŋ

Consonant Gradation for rdj:rj

Other consonant rules

Final C Deletion

Final devoicing

Word Final Simplification in -st

Word-final De-Affricatization for tj

Vowel rules

metaphony

Default VH

Default VH for 4syllables

Default UA in G3

• lu^Oddan^UAUMLi%>t
• luaddan0i0t

Special UÄ (VH) in G3

• gu^Odde^G3%>t
• guädde00t

• gu^Odde^G3%>t
• guädde00t

Special VH for u^O

Special VH for ie

• sjievdnje^IJ%>s
• sj0evdnji00s

• hierrge^WG^IJ%>j
• h0er0gi000j

• hierrge%>j^V2E2AA
• h0ärrgá0j0

Ä in G3

Ä in G3 capitalized

V2 E to I before j-suffixes

V2 E to Á

• båhte^WG%>v^V2E2AA
• bå0dá00v0
• båhte^WG%>^V2E2AA
• bå0dá000
• máhtte^WG%>v^V2E2AA
• máht0á00v0
• máhtte^WG%>^V2E2AA
• máht0á000

V2 E to Á before S or R

V2 O to U

Final V Deletion

• a
• b