yrk

Authors

Sven-Erik Soosaar and Jack Rueter in cooperation with the Divvun and Giellatekno teams, community members

Software version

2012

Documentation license

GNU GFDL

SVN Revision

$Revision:68217 $

SVN Date

$Date:2013-01-16 11:31:33 +0200 (Wed, 16 Jan 2013) $

This is free and open source Nenets morphology.

INTRODUCTION TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF NENETS

Analysis symbols

The morphological analyses of wordforms of the TUNDRA NENETS language are presented in this system in terms of following the symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

• +WORK WORK HAS TO BE DONE Do not remove, replaces +TYÄ The parts-of-speech are:

• +N
• +A
• +Adv
• +V

• +Pron
• +CS
• +CC
• +Adp
• +Po
• +Pr
• +Interj
• +Pcle
• +Num

The parts of speech are further split up into:

• +Prop
• +Pers
• +Dem
• +Interr
• +Refl reflexive
• +Recipr
• +Rel
• +Indef
• +Refr referential adverbs

Adv

• +Manner
• +Refr (referential),
• +Temp

The Usage extents are marked using the following tags:

• +Err/Orth
• +Use/-Spell
• +Use/SpellNoSugg recognized but not suggested in speller

• +Rus (100% Russian homograph)

Dialects

• +Dial/W (Western dialects),
• +Dial/T (Taimyr dialect ),
• +Dial/E (Eastern dialects),

The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number

• +Sg
• +Du
• +Pl
• +Acc
• +Gen (Genitive)
• +Abl
• +Dat
• +Loc
• +Nom
• +Pros (Prosecutive)
• +Tra
• +Abe
• +Adc
• +Ins
• +Apr
• +Ine
• +Ill
• +Ela
• +Egr
• +Prl
• +Pred = predestinative

are these needed?:

• +Appr
• +Advc
• +Ter
• +Pro
• +Car
• +Equ

derivative suffixes before case endings

• +Lim limitative

The possession is marked as such:

• +PxSg1
• +PxSg2
• +PxSg3
• +PxDu1
• +PxDu2
• +PxDu3
• +PxPl1
• +PxPl2
• +PxPl3

The comparative forms are:

• +Pos
• +Comp
• +Superl

Numerals are classified under:

• +Attr
• +Card
• +Ord

Verb moods are:

• +Ind
• +Pot
• +Conj
• +Imprt
• +Opt
• +Hort
• +Mod/appr approximative imperfective
• +Mod/des desiderative
• +Mod/futappr approximative futuritive
• +Mod/hyp hyperprobablitative
• +Mod/int interrogative
• +Mod/narr narrative
• +Mod/nec necessitativee
• +Mod/obl obligative
• +Mod/rep reputative
• +Mod/sup superprobabilitative
• +Mod/perfappr approximative perfective
• +Mod/perfprob perfective probabilitative
• +Mod/prob imperfective probabilitative

Verb tenses are:

• +Aor
• +Prt
• +Prt1
• +Prt2

Verb personal forms are:

Subject

One of the two following

• +Sg1
• +Sg2
• +Sg3
• +Pl1
• +Pl2
• +Pl3

• +ScSg1
• +ScSg2
• +ScSg3
• +ScDu1
• +ScDu2
• +ScDu3
• +ScPl1
• +ScPl2
• +ScPl3

Object

• +OcSg3
• +OcDu3
• +OcPl3

Other verb forms are

• +InfImprf
• +InfPrf
• +PrcImprf
• +PrcPrf
• +PrcNeg
• +PrcFut
• +GerFin
• +Subord
• +Aud
• +Evas
• +Ger
• +ConNeg
• +ConNegII
• +Neg
• +ImprtII
• +PrsPrc
• +Sup
• +VGen
• +VAbess

Abbreviated words are classified with:

• +ABBR
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• +ACR

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

»7

Literal »

«7

Literal «

  %[%>%]  - Literal >
  %[%<%]  - Literal <

Special symbols are classified with:

• +CLB
• +PUNCT
• +LEFT
• +RIGHT

The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:

• +TV
• +IV

• +Aux auxilliary verb

Special multiword units are analysed with:

• +Multi

Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

• +Guess

Question and Focus particles:

• +Qst
• +Foc

• +Sem/Act Activity
• +Sem/Amount Amount
• +Sem/Ani Animate
• +Sem/Aniprod Animal Product
• +Sem/Body Bodypart
• +Sem/Body-abstr siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
• +Sem/Build Building
• +Sem/Build-part Part of Bulding, like the closet
• +Sem/Cat Category
• +Sem/Clth Clothes
• +Sem/Clth-jewl Jewelery
• +Sem/Clth-part part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji...
• +Sem/Ctain Container
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr Abstract container like bank account
• +Sem/Ctain-clth
• +Sem/Curr Currency like dollár, Not Money
• +Sem/Dance Dance
• +Sem/Dir Direction like GPS-kursa
• +Sem/Domain Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
• +Sem/Drink Drink
• +Sem/Dummytag Dummytag
• +Sem/Edu Educational event
• +Sem/Event Event
• +Sem/Feat Feature, like Árvu
• +Sem/Feat-phys Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
• +Sem/Feat-psych Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Feat-measr Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Fem Female name
• +Sem/Food Food
• +Sem/Food-med Medicine
• +Sem/Furn Furniture
• +Sem/Game Game
• +Sem/Geom Geometrical object
• +Sem/Group Animal or Human Group
• +Sem/Hum Human
• +Sem/Hum-abstr Human abstract
• +Sem/Ideol Ideology
• +Sem/Lang Language
• +Sem/Mal Male name
• +Sem/Mat Material for producing things
• +Sem/Measr Measure
• +Sem/Money Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
• +Sem/Obj Object
• +Sem/Obj-clo Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-cogn Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-el (Electrical) machine or apparatus
• +Sem/Obj-ling Object with something written on it
• +Sem/Obj-rope flexible ropelike object
• +Sem/Obj-surfc Surface object
• +Sem/Org Organisation
• +Sem/Part Feature, oassi, bealli
• +Sem/Perc-cogn Cognative perception
• +Sem/Perc-emo Emotional perception
• +Sem/Perc-phys Physical perception
• +Sem/Perc-psych Physical perception
• +Sem/Plant Plant
• +Sem/Plant-part Plant part
• +Sem/Plc Place
• +Sem/Plc-abstr Abstract place
• +Sem/Plc-elevate Place
• +Sem/Plc-line Place
• +Sem/Plc-water Place
• +Sem/Pos Position (as in social position job)
• +Sem/Process Process
• +Sem/Prod Product
• +Sem/Prod-audio Audio product
• +Sem/Prod-cogn Cognition product
• +Sem/Prod-ling Linguistic product
• +Sem/Prod-vis Visual product
• +Sem/Rel Relation
• +Sem/Route Name of a Route
• +Sem/Rule Rule or convention
• +Sem/Semcon Semantic concept
• +Sem/Sign Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
• +Sem/Sport Sport
• +Sem/State
• +Sem/State-sick Illness
• +Sem/Substnc Substance, like Air and Water
• +Sem/Sur Surname
• +Sem/Symbol Symbol
• +Sem/Time Time
• +Sem/Tool Prototypical tool for repairing things
• +Sem/Tool-catch Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
• +Sem/Tool-clean Tool used for cleaning
• +Sem/Tool-it Tool used in IT
• +Sem/Tool-measr Tool used for measuring
• +Sem/Tool-music Music instrument
• +Sem/Tool-write Writing tool
• +Sem/Txt Text (girji, lávlla...)
• +Sem/Veh Vehicle
• +Sem/Wpn Weapon
• +Sem/Wthr The Weather or the state of ground

Semantics are classified with

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

• +V→N
• +V→V
• +V→A
• +Der/xxx
• +Der/MWN modifier without noun head
• +Der/Pr this is used with predication of nominals and deverbal modalities
• _+Der/Cop_ This will replace the nominal conjugation Der/Pr

Morphophonology

To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

• %{ая%} in Pros
• %{оё%} in +N+Sg+Nom+PxPl3
• %{рл%} +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg2
• %{аяуюØ%} хан+N+Sg+Acc+PxSg1: ханув, ханав
• %{увм%} +N+Sg+Pros
• %{вм%} +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg1

And the following triggers to control variation:

• {front}
• {back}
• %^SCSG2 this allows n2d +V+Ind+Aor+ScSg2: %>н°%^SCSG2
• %^PLNOM disallows i2e +N+Pl+Nom+PxDu1+Der/Cop+Ind+Aor+ScPl3
• %^PalVariation This allows for тар%{дˮØ%}%>д%{оё%}нзь

Protoletters for xfst:

• %{ауоэØ%} А1: а А1: у А1: о А1: э schwa
• %{ауоэиыØ%} before pros

This is the schwa or reduced vowel occurring after x in case endings

• А2 Alternating between zero and а

These are proto-glottals

• %{дˮØ%}
• С1
• %{нңʼØ%}
• %{йнңъʼØ%} = These are proto-glottals

• Г1
• В1
• Е1
• Е2
• Ы1
• Д1
• Ы2 = These are for developing underlying morphology rules

Triggers

• %^A2O Initially this is used for the noun "я" to enable a: o
• %^A2I for я: и in пя
• %^MLenition м: в м: б
• %^VowLower vowel lowering ы: э у: о
• %^VowRaise э: ы о: у
• %^VowLoss stem-final vowel is lost in plural accusative form
• %^StemVowFronting хасава: хасев
• %^VowFronting хадась: хадэйнинзь
• %^PalLoss in combination with stem-final vowel loss
• %^HardFronting яля: ялэ

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using the following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics:

• @P.NeedNoun.ON@
• @D.NeedNoun.ON@
• @C.NeedNoun@

Object conjugation

• @P.CONJ.ObjAll@
• @R.CONJ.ObjAll@
• @C.CONJ@

The word forms in Nenets start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes:

• adjectives ;
• adpositions ;
• adverbs ;
• interjections ;
• nouns ;
• particles ;
• pronouns ;
• propernouns ;
• quantifiers ;
• verbs ;

• V_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new verbs.
• Punctuation ;
• Symbols ;

• CONJUNCTION ;
• SUBJUNCTION ;
• INTERJECTION ;
• POSTPOSITION ;

Nenets nouns inflect in cases.

• LEXICON N_ҢЭ ңэ: ңэ 1 ProsSg -вна Yaml: xo, ngaeTS

• LEXICON N_ҢЭ-Pal/Var ңэ: ңэ 1 ProsSg -вна Yaml: nyeTS

• LEXICON N_Ё я: я 2 ProsSg -вна Yaml: ya, yaTS

• LEXICON N_ПИ пя: пя 3 ProsSg -вна Yaml: N-pyaTS

• LEXICON N_ТЫ ты: 4 ProsSg -вна Yaml: tyTS

• LEXICON N_ХАВО ха: 5 ProsSg -вна Yaml: tyTS

• LEXICON N_СЁЁ сё: 6 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ИБЕ и: 7 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ХАБИЕ хӑби: 8ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ПАНЫ пӑны: пӑн 9 ы!ProsSg -(э)вна

• LEXICON N_ХУСУВЭЙ хусувэй: 10 ProsSg -ювна

• LEXICON N_ХАНО хӑн: 11P ProsSg -увна Yaml: xano

• LEXICON N_ТИРЕ тир: 12 ProsSg -увна

• LEXICON N_ЕД ед: 13 ProsSg -увна /-ювна

• LEXICON N_МАРАҢГЫ мӑраңга: 14PProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ҢУДИ ңуда: 15 ProsSg -вна Yaml: N-ngudiTS

• LEXICON N_ЕСИ ая̆ха: 16PProsSg -вна Yaml: N-yaxaTS

• LEXICON N_ҢОДИ ңодя: 17 ProsSg -вна Yaml: N-ngodiTS

• LEXICON N_ЯЛЭ яля: 18 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ХОБ хоба: хоба 19 ProsSg -вна Yaml: xob

• LEXICON N_ТЁН тёня: тёня 20 ProsSg -вна Yaml: tyon

• LEXICON N_ПИСЬ пися: 21 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ХАСЕВ хасава: 22 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ҢАНУ ңӑно: 23 ProsSg -вна Yaml: nano

• LEXICON N_ЯКЫ якэ: 24 ProsSg -вна

• LEXICON N_ҢУВО ңумʼ: ңум 25 ProsSg -(м)на Yaml: yam, ngumhTS

• LEXICON N_НЮБЕ нюмʼ: 26 ProsSg -(м)на

• LEXICON N_МУНО муʼ: му 27 ProsSg -мна

• LEXICON N_ПОЁ поʼ: по 28 ProsSg -мна Yaml: poyo

• LEXICON N_ВЫҢО выʼ: вы 29 ProsSg -мна /-мана

• LEXICON N_ИЛЪЕ илʼ: ил 30 ProsSg -мана Yaml: ilje

• LEXICON N_НЕНЭЦИЕ ненэцьʼ: ненэць 30 ProsSg -мана Yaml: nyenecyh

• LEXICON N_ПАХАЁ пӑхӑʼ: 31 ProsSg -мна

• LEXICON N_СЕРО серˮ: 32 ProsSg -мана / -мня

• LEXICON N_ТАРЕ тӑрˮ: тар 33 ProsSg -мня

• LEXICON N_МАНСО мӑнˮ: 34 ProsSg -мна

• LEXICON N_МЯДО мяˮ: мя 35 ProsSg -мна Yaml: myadoTS

• LEXICON N_ИДЕ иˮ: 36 ProsSg -мна Yaml: yidye

• LEXICON N_ҢЭ/ХАБИЕ ңэ: ңэ 1 ProsSg -вна хӑби: 8 ProsSg -вна

та: та

• LEXICON NMN_ҢУДИ ңуда: 15 ProsSg -вна Yaml: ngudi
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ҢОДИ
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ХОБ хоба: хоба 19 ProsSg -вна Yaml: xob
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ПИСЬ пися: 21 ProsSg -вна
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ҢАНУ ңӑно: 23 ProsSg -вна
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ҢУВО ңумʼ: ңум 25
• :ʼ POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_НЮБЕ нюмʼ: 26

• LEXICON NMN_МУНО муʼ: 27 ProsSg -мна

No n2d

• :%{йнңъʼØ%} SGNOMSUF ;
• :%{йнңъʼØ%} SG-NOM-STEM ;
• :%{йнңъʼØ%} POSSESSA-PLURAL ;+Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

Where is the variation?

• LEXICON NMN_ТАРЕ тӑрˮ: тар 33 ProsSg -мня

• LEXICON N_ВАР/ТАРЕ мяˮ: мя 35 ProsSg -мна

• LEXICON NMN_ВАР мяˮ: мя 35 ProsSg -мна Yaml: waro
• :%{дˮØ%} POSSESSA-PLURAL ;+Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_МЯДО мяˮ: мя 35 ProsSg -мна Yaml: myado
• :%{дˮØ%} SGLOCSUF_Хна ;мякна
• :%{дˮØ%} POSSESSA-PLURAL ;+Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

Where is the variation?

Where is the variation?

• :%{дˮØ%} POSSESSA-PLURAL ;+Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON N_ТЮСЕ тюˮ: тюсе

• LEXICON N_САВНЕ

• LEXICON N_ПЕНЗЕРЕ пензерˮ: пензер

• LEXICON N_САБЦЬ сабць: сабць

• LEXICON N_МЕРЁ мерё: мерё

NMN

• LEXICON NMN_ҢЭ-OLD ңэ: ңэ 1 ProsSg -вна
• SG-ACC-STEM ; SGACCSUF, SGGENSUF
• SG-NOM-STEM ; SG/DAT,LOC, ABL,TRA,PRO; DU/NOM,ACC,GEN; PL/DAT,LOC,ABL,TRA; PX-s, NOMINAL-CONJUGATION
• PLNOMSUF ;
• PLACCSUF_Zero ; => PL-ACC_STEM
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

9

• :%^VowLower POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ХУСУВЭЙ хусувэй: 10 ProsSg -ювна
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ХАНО-OLD 11 хан: хан

• LEXICON NMN_ТИРЕ тир: 12 ProsSg -увна
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

• LEXICON NMN_ЕД ед: 13 ProsSg -увна /-ювна Yaml: yed
• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

NOMINALS "NMN"

THREE-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

• POSSESSA-PLURAL ; +Pl+Dat, +Pl+Loc, +Pl+Abl

таˮ: та

варˮ: вар Yaml: N-tarTS

The singular accusative stem

• LEXICON SGLOCSUF_Хна мякна

• LEXICON SGLOCSUF_Хана серкана

Start Plural

What is assumed on the basis of the plural accusative

• +Pl+Pros:%>ˮ%{увм%}А2на K ;When does this take a vowel хоˮомна

Possessor Indices

• +Sg+Nom+PxSg1+Der/Cop+Ind+Aor+ScSg3:%>в K ; 2013-10-22 Should this also have +ScSg3 marking

• LEXICON AFTER-OBLIQUE-SG-POSSESSA-COME-POSSESSOR-INDICES singular possessa in +Gen, +Dat, +Loc, +Abl share the same possessor indices

• LEXICON DV-OBLIQUE-SG-POSSESSA-TAKE-POSSESSOR-INDICES_TO-BE-FOLLOWED-BY-SG3-PRED-AOR/PRT1 singular possessa oblique possessor indices

SINUGLAR CASES

The next line in +Sg+Pros+PxDu2: %>%{увм%}А2нандиʼ must be removed

Dual possessa

Dual possessa

Plural Possessa

• +PxPl1:наˮ K ; The morpheme boundary has been removed to indicate a distinct difference in phonological behavior.

Conjugation of nouns and adjectives

NEW

>>NEW-SG-LOC_Кна/Кана

ONE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

• LEXICON IV_Е есь: е

• LEXICON IV_ҢЭ ңэсь: ңэ

TWO-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

• LEXICON IV_НАМДА намдась: намда

• LEXICON IV_ЯКУ якась: яка

• LEXICON IV_ХАДА хадась: хада

• LEXICON TV_ХАДА хадась: хада

THREE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

• @P.CONJ.ObjAll@+TV:@P.CONJ.ObjAll@ V-NEW_ЛАХАНА ; 3-syll

• Yaml: V-yaqwlasj

ONE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL CONSONANT

• LEXICON IV_МАН манзь: ма%{нңʼØ%}
• Yaml: manzj

• LEXICON TV_САС манэць: манэ

TWO-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL CONSONANT

• LEXICON IV_НЭКАЛ

• LEXICON IV_ҢАДИМ/ҢАРАМ 2013-12-16

AFTER +TV, +IV, +Aux, +Refl

Not yet written.

CONJUGATION BY STEM TYPE

ONE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl 2013-03-04

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• Yaml: V-xosj
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

TWO-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• LEXICON V-01_ЯКУ якась: яка
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• LEXICON V-01_НЕНЫ 2013-09-18 This is merely a copy of V-01_МЫ
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• V_Fut_ҢГУ ; is this the stem to use for +Fut+Mod/prob
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl 2013-03-04

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• Yaml: V-pewasj has vowel loss

• яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ
• яˮавлу0%>ˮ
• тенева%^VowLoss%>ˮ
• тенев00%>ˮ

• Yaml: V-xadabasj
• яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ
• яˮавлу0%>ˮ
• тенева%^VowLoss%>ˮ
• тенев00%>ˮ

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

THREE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL VOWEL

а > э in Pl Oc

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl 2013-03-04 а > ы (ъя before х)

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• LEXICON V-01_ЯˮАВЛУ яˮавлась: яˮавла
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut
• : %^VowRaise PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

ONE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL CONSONANT

• LEXICON V-01_МАН манзь: ма%{нңʼØ%}
• Yaml: manzj
• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• LEXICON V-01_САС манэць: манэ

• : С1 PRC-NEG_МАДАВЭЙ ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• LEXICON V-NEW_ТИР

V_refl 2013-03-04

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

TWO-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH STEM-FINAL CONSONANT

• LEXICON V-01_НЭКАЛ нэкалць: нэкал

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

• PRC-NEG ; +PrcNeg +PrcFut

V_refl 2013-03-04

Mutual verbal conjugation

• LEXICON IND-AOR All except Sg3 Du3

Preterite 1 # This should be for ConjPrt and NarrPrt also.

• +Ind: %>я IND-AOR-RCSG1 ; This should be schwa or something

Other moods сь in 2nd, 4th etc non-final syllable

• LEXICON V_PREC Hort

• +Mod/des:%>рава MUTUAL-PERSON-NON-OCPL_NORAISING ; Sg3 and Pl3

• LEXICON SG3-PRED-AOR/PRET1 V_AUD picks up possessor indices and comes here

Mutual person ending for nonindicative moods

This need separating 2013-04-23

Object

Reflexive

Reflexive Preterite

Non-finites

• +PrcFut:%>%{вм%}анда K ;

• +PrcFut:%>%{вм%}нда K ;Should this form be here 2013-11-25

• +PrcFut:%>%{вм%}нда K ;Should this form be here 2013-11-25

no vowel loss in stem

• яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ
• яˮавлу0%>ˮ
• тенева%^VowLoss%>ˮ
• тенев00%>ˮ

• LEXICON V-NEW_НАМДА намдась: намда schwa-final

• яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ
• яˮавлу0%>ˮ
• тенева%^VowLoss%>ˮ
• тенев00%>ˮ

• яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ
• яˮавлу0%>ˮ

• Yaml: V-xosjTS
• +Subord+PxSg1:%>бˮни K ; Do all odd-syllabled words need this?

◊_subj

◊_obj

• +PrcFut+Pred+Nom+PxSg1:%>вндадав K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Nom+PxSg1:%>вндадув K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Acc+PxSg1:%>вндадав K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Acc+PxSg1:%>вндадув K ; Vowel removed

◊_subj

◊_obj

◊_obj

• LEXICON V-NEW_BI-SYLL-MUTUAL-RAISE/NO raise/no

• LEXICON IND-AOR/PRT1-OCPL3_ян ODD-SYLL

• LEXICON MOD/INT-SC_бца ??

• +PrcFut+Pred+Nom+PxSg1:%>вндадав K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Nom+PxSg1:%>вндадув K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Acc+PxSg1:%>вндадав K ; Vowel removed
• +PrcFut+Pred+Acc+PxSg1:%>вндадув K ; Vowel removed

Letters of the alphabet

• а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ң о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
• А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н Ң О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я

• °:0 Directly from Tapani Salminen extra short vowel

• ә:а Directly from Tapani Salminen schwa

Archiphonemes for vowels

• %{ауоэØ%}:а А1: а А1: у А1: о А1: э SCHWA
• %{ауоэиыØ%}:0 before pros

• А2: а

• Ы1: о
• Ы1: е

• Ы2: э

Archiphonemes for glottals

• %{нңʼØ%}:ʼ
• %{нңʼØ%}:н
• %{нңʼØ%}:0
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:й
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:н
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:ң
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:ъ
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:ʼ
• %{йнңъʼØ%}:0
• %{дˮØ%}:ˮ
• %{дˮØ%}:д
• %{дˮØ%}:0
• С1: ˮ
• С1: с
• С1: 0

• %{ая%}:а in Pros
• %{оё%}:о in +N+Sg+Nom+PxPl3
• %{рл%}:0 +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg2

• %{аяуюØ%}:0 хан+N+Sg+Acc+PxSg1: ханув, ханав

• %{увм%}:0 +N+Sg+Pros

• %{вм%}:0 +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg1

triggers

• %^SCSG2: 0 this allows n2d +V+Ind+Aor+ScSg2: %>н°%^SCSG2
• %^PLNOM: 0 disallows i2e +N+Pl+Nom+PxDu1+Der/Cop+Ind+Aor+ScPl3
• %^A2O: 0
• %^A2I: 0

• %^PalVariation:0 This allows for тар%{дˮØ%}%>д%{оё%}нзь

• %^MLenition: 0 lenition
• %^VowLower: 0 vowel lowering ы: э у: о
• %^VowRaise: 0 vowel raising э: ы о: у
• %^VowLoss: 0 stem-final vowel is lost in plural accusative
• %^StemVowFronting: 0 хасава: хасев
• %^VowFronting: 0 хадась: хадэйнинзь
• %^PalLoss: 0 in combination with stem-final vowel loss тёня: тён
• %^HardFronting: 0 яля: ялэ

Boundary symbols

• %> hash

к:-> г after nasal glottal

• му%{нңʼØ%}%>кʼ
• муң%>гʼ

• ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>к°ʼ
• илаң%>г0ʼ

к:to х after Vowels

ты%^VowLower%>да examples:

тэ0%>да examples:

ед°%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:

ед0%>хана examples:

намда%^VowLoss%>к%{ауоэØ%}в examples:

намд00%>хав examples:

nTod

му%{нңʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мун0%>дʼ examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

ңум00%>дʼ examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н°ʼ examples:

ңум00%>д0ʼ examples:

%{нңʼØ%}:н GlottalNasalToSurface

му%{нңʼØ%}%>нд examples:

мун%>0д examples:

му%{нңʼØ%}%>сь examples:

мун0%>зь examples:

му%{нңʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мун0%>дʼ examples:

%{нңʼØ%}:ң GlottalNasalToSurface

му%{нңʼØ%}%>кʼ examples:

муң%>гʼ examples:

%{йнңъʼØ%}:ң GlottalNasalToSurface

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>к°ʼ examples:

илаң%>г0ʼ examples:

%{йнңъʼØ%}:н GlottalNasalToSurface

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н examples:

илан0%>д examples:

ила%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:

илан%>зиˮ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>н°ʼ examples:

илан%>д0ʼ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>дмʼ examples:

илан%>дмʼ examples:

илан%>дув0 examples:

ил0н%>дув0 examples:

%{йнңъʼØ%}:ъ GlottalNasalToSurface

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}е examples:

ил0ъе examples:

%{нңʼØ%}:0 GlottalNasalToSurface

му%{нңʼØ%}%>мд examples:

му0%>нд examples:

му%{нңʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:

му0%>м0на examples:

%{йнңъʼØ%}:0 GlottalNasalToSurface

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н examples:

илан0%>д examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°ˮ examples:

ила0%>0ˮ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°ць° examples:

ила0%>0ць0 examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:

ил00%>мана examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>н° examples:

ила0%>н0 examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:

ила0%>л0 examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мд° examples:

ила0%>нд0 examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мʼ examples:

ңув0%>мʼ examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

ңум00%>дʼ examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць examples:

ңув0%>аць examples:

%{дˮØ%}:0 GlottalNonNasalToZERO LEFT

мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мя00%>тʼ examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:

мя0%>0т0 examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:

мя0%>та examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:

мя00%>тась examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>°мʼ examples:

тар00%>0мʼ examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:

та000%>л0 examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:

мя0%>0т0 examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:

мя0%>та examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:

мя00%>тась examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:

та000%>л0 examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>мд%{ая%} examples:

тар00%>0та examples:

тар00%>0тя examples:

RIGHT ARROW ONLY %{дˮØ%}:0

тар%{дˮØ%}%>ми examples:

тарˮ%>ми examples:

тар0%>ми examples:

тар%{дˮØ%}%>ни examples:

тарˮ%>ни examples:

тар0%>ни examples:

С1:0 GlottalNonNasalToZERO

таС1%>мд° examples:

та0%>0т0 examples:

таС1%>д%{ая%} examples:

та0%>та examples:

ман°С1%>мд examples:

мана0%>0т examples:

ман°С1%>дмʼ examples:

мана0%>тмʼ examples:

таС1%^SCSG2%>нась examples:

та00%>тась examples:

ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мана00%>тʼ examples:

С1:ˮ UnderlyingToGlottal

ман°С1%>0в examples:

манаˮ%>ам examples:

%{дˮØ%}:ˮ UnderlyingToGlottal LEFT

мя%{дˮØ%}%>%{ауоэØ%}л examples:

мяˮ%>ал examples:

вар%{дˮØ%}%>вна examples:

варˮ%>мна examples:

тар%{дˮØ%} examples:

тарˮ examples:

тар%{дˮØ%} examples:

тарˮ examples:

RIGHT ARROW ONLY %{дˮØ%}:ˮ

тар%{дˮØ%}%>ми examples:

тарˮ%>ми examples:

тар0%>ми examples:

тар%{дˮØ%}%>ни examples:

тарˮ%>ни examples:

тар0%>ни examples:

%{нңʼØ%}:ʼ UnderlyingToGlottal

с => ц affrication after Stop

мя%{дˮØ%}%>сь examples:

мя0%>ць examples:

ман°С1%>сиˮ examples:

ман00%>циˮ examples:

с => з after nasal

му%{нңʼØ%}%>сь examples:

мун0%>зь examples:

ила%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:

илан%>зиˮ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:

ил0н%>зиˮ examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:

ңум0%>зиˮ examples:

v To m

ман°С1%>0в examples:

манаˮ%>ам examples:

%{рл%}:л

ман°С1%>0%{рл%} examples:

манаˮ%>ал examples:

%{рл%}:р

%{рл%}:р

0:а in single-syllable

• ман°С1%>0в
• манаˮ%>ам
• ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць
• ңув0%>аць °:а at end of stem

ед°%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

еда0%>нʼ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мʼ examples:

ила0%>мʼ examples:

ман°С1%>мд examples:

мана0%>0т examples:

ман°С1%>0%{рл%} examples:

манаˮ%>ал examples:

ман°С1%>0в examples:

манаˮ%>ам examples:

ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мана00%>тʼ examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>кʼ examples:

илаң%>гʼ examples:

ʼ:н

Second Vowel Center °:у in Pros LEFT

ә:у in extra short to у

ә:о in extra short to о

ә:и in extra short to и

ә:ы in extra short to ы

ә:э in extra short to э

ә:а in extra short to а

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>кәд examples:

ил0ң0гад examples:

0:а in Pros

ма%>ˮ0н examples:

ма0ˮан examples:

ма%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

ма0ˮам0на examples:

ман°С1%>0%{рл%}° examples:

манаˮ0ал0 examples:

ман°С1%>0м° examples:

манаˮ0ам0 examples:

ман°С1%>0%{рл%}° examples:

манаˮ0ал0 examples:

ман°С1%>0м° examples:

манаˮ0ам0 examples:

хан%>м° examples:

хан0в0 examples:

0:э in Pros

ңэ%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

ңэ0ˮэм0на examples:

0:о between two glottals

хо%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

хо0ˮом0на examples:

я%^A2O%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

ё00ˮом0на examples:

0:и after glottal

си%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

си0ˮим0на examples:

0:ы between two glottals

ңы%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

ңы0ˮым0на examples:

0:у between two glottals

ңу%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:

ңу0ˮум0на examples:

0:у between two glottals

а:я VowelPalatalization left

%{ая%}:я VowelPalatalization left

%{ая%}:я VowelPalatalization right

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>к°н%{ая%} examples:

тар000кана examples:

тар000кна examples:

тар000каня examples:

тар000кня examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:

тар000та examples:

тар000тя examples:

%{оё%}:ё VowelPalatalization right

ню%>д%{оё%}ʼ examples:

ню0доʼ examples:

ню0дёʼ examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{оё%}ʼ examples:

тар000тоʼ examples:

тар000тёʼ examples:

The rule %{ауоэØ%} <-> у:

ну%>к%{ауоэØ%}рт examples:

ну0хурт examples:

The rule %{ауоэØ%} -> о:

The rule %{ауоэØ%} -> а:

намда%^VowLoss%>к%{ауоэØ%}в examples:

намд000хав examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>%{ауоэØ%}л examples:

мяˮ0ал examples:

му%{нңʼØ%}%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:

муң0гана examples:

ед°%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:

ед00хана examples:

%{ауоэØ%} -> а

%{ауоэØ%} -> а

хо%>сеты%>к%{ауоэØ%}ʼ examples:

хо0сеты0хыʼ examples:

%{ауоэØ%} -> а

пя%^A2I%>ˮ%{ауоэØ%}н examples:

пи00ˮин examples:

VOWEL LOWERING

i2e StemFinalYToE LEFT

а:э in stem-internal position

хадаба%^StemVowFronting%^A2I%>н examples:

хадэби000н examples:

a:o in я

a:i in мараңгы

яˮавла%^A2I%>дмʼ examples:

яˮавлы00дмʼ examples:

a:i in ңуда

ңуда%^A2I examples:

ңуди0 examples:

хадаба%^StemVowFronting%^A2I%>н examples:

хадэби000н examples:

о:у word-final position

я:и word-final position

пя%^A2I examples:

пи0 examples:

ңодя%^A2I examples:

ңоди0 examples:

я:е in яха

яха%^A2I examples:

еси0 examples:

а:у яˮавла:яˮавлу LEFT

а:у яˮавла:яˮавлу RIGHT

яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ examples:

яˮавлу00ˮ examples:

а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу

пэва%^VowFronting%^VowRaise%>ˮ examples:

пэбю000ˮ examples:

VOWEL LOSS

а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу

а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу

я:0 Stem vowel loss in plural accusative

тёня%^PalLoss%^VowLoss examples:

тён000 examples:

CONSONANT CHANGES

mToV

хан°%>м° examples:

хана0в0 examples:

хану0в0 examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць examples:

ңув00аць examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°мʼ examples:

ңув000мʼ examples:

ңум%^MLenition%>о examples:

ңув00о examples:

m loss before Labial followed by nonglottal cons or vows

му%{нңʼØ%}%>мд examples:

мун00д examples:

по%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мд° examples:

пон00д0 examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:

мя000т0 examples:

ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:

ңу000м0на examples:

н loss after glottal before д:

му%{нңʼØ%}%>нд examples:

мун00д examples:

по%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нд° examples:

пон00д0 examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>нд° examples:

мя000т0 examples:

ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нд%{ая%} examples:

ил0н00да examples:

илан00да examples:

н loss after glottal before д: r To l after nasal glottal

сыр%>рхавы examples:

сыл00хавы examples:

r To 0 before glottal and р or л

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:

та0000л0 examples:

сыр%>рхавы examples:

сыл00хавы examples:

n to t after non-nasal glottal

мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мя000тʼ examples:

ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:

мана000тʼ examples:

сыр%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нарахав examples:

сыр00тарахав examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:

мя000тась examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:

тар0000тась examples:

ман°С1%^SCSG2%>н°ʼ examples:

мана000т0ʼ examples:

d to t after non-nasal glottal

мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд examples:

мя000т examples:

ман°С1%>мд examples:

мана000т examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:

мя00та examples:

мя%{дˮØ%}%>дмʼ examples:

мя00тмʼ examples:

тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:

тар000та examples:

тар000тя examples:

b to p after non-nasal glottal

сырˮ%>бˮ examples:

сыр00пˮ examples:

ң:0 Before в:м +Sg+Acc+PxPl1:%>ваˮ

илң%>ваˮ examples:

ил00маˮ examples:

The rule ъ:0 with Conj after vowels:

In the first context ...

In the second context ...

ˮ:0

сырˮ%>бˮ examples:

сыр00пˮ examples:

сыр%^SCSG2%>накы examples:

сыр00такы examples:

Realization of glottal stops

SURFACE CONSONANT

х:с in яха

яха%^A2I examples:

еси0 examples:

С1:с GlottalNonNasalToSurface

ман°С1%>°ць° examples:

ман0с0аць0 examples:

%{дˮØ%}:д GlottalNonNasalToSurface

мя%{дˮØ%}%>°ць° examples:

мя00аць0 examples:

%{дˮØ%}:д GlottalNonNasalToSurface

ь:0 with GlottalNonNasalToZERO