Meeting_2009-10-05
Contents:
- Meeting setup
- Agenda
- Opening, agenda review, participants
- Updated task status since last meeting
- Oahpa!
- Corpus gathering
- Promoting Divvun
- Future plans, directions and ideas
- Infrastructure
- Linguistics
- Name lexicon/risten.no infrastructure
- Proofing tools
- Other
- Next meeting, closing
- Appendix - task lists for the next five days
Meeting setup
- Date: 5.10.2009
- Time: 09.30 Norw. time
- Place: Internet
- Tools: SubEthaEdit, iChat
Agenda
Cf. one of the following, depending on context:
- the upper bar of the SEE window (provided you use the JSPWiki syntax mode)
- the TOC in Forrest-rendered output, like HTML and PDF
Opening, agenda review, participants
Opened at 10: 03.
Present:
Absent: Trond
Agenda accepted as is.
Updated task status since last meeting
Børre
- update online download log statistics page
- static i18n divvun site
- working on it
- working on it
- test iCal Server (on G5)
- not done
- not done
- improve XSL script to transform leaflet Forrest XDocs to an OOo Draw document
- not done
- not done
-
gt/Makefile remake
- not done
- not done
- get translations of thank-you letter
- not done
- not done
-
fix bugs!
- other:
- made contracts ready to be signed for Harald Gaski, Lena Kappfjell and
- made contracts ready to be signed for Harald Gaski, Lena Kappfjell and
Ciprian
- MT: test Autshumato Alpha version on Windows using Launcher
- still todo
- still todo
- MT: make Autshumato run on Mac
- started to adjust the code to achieve this task
- started to adjust the code to achieve this task
- transform the Sami Law Terms DB (SLT-DB) into an eXist-usable format
- done
- done
- make eXist running with the SLT-DB
- todo
- todo
- make a schema/dtd description of the lexC-file (experiment with
- todo
- todo
- transform sme-lexC files into XML format
- todo
- todo
- gt web:
- coloring output of the disambiguation
- todo
- todo
- add a tree visualizer for the dependency trees
- todo
- todo
- coloring output of the disambiguation
- Bodø Oahpa:
- generalize for semantic classes and pos
- implement a login mechanism
- implement a upload data mechanism
- setup the Bodø version on victorio
- todo
- todo
- generalize for semantic classes and pos
- Sandbox Oahpa:
- setup the Sandbox version on victorio
- todo
- todo
- setup the Sandbox version on victorio
- Running Oahpa:
- debug <only-pl/> and <no-leksa/> features (reported by Lene)
- add an Oahpa clock and date excercise
- Generate fin/xml/{nouns|verbs|adjectives}.xml, and implement the new Leksa
- todo
- todo
- debug <only-pl/> and <no-leksa/> features (reported by Lene)
- Komi
- compile only one version of dictionary and use css for user preferences
- todo
- todo
- generate the first StarDict version of komeng and komfin dictionary
- todo
- todo
- test the automatic sorting by Komi alphabet in xsl (as discussed with Trond)
- ask Sjur why it is the drawback of splitting a dict into pos
- compile only one version of dictionary and use css for user preferences
- restructure and clean the script catalogue, using subdirs
- todo
- todo
- check the processing of new corpus documents (error logging during conversion,
- todo
- todo
- incorporate the passives into the last version of the sme: nob
- todo
- todo
- continue the work at the Kildin-Russian dictionary
- todo
- todo
- check all bug in the sma: nob-swe dictionary
- todo
- todo
- extend the smanobswe dictionary
- todo
- todo
- fix the bug with the string length in the popup window (sma: nob)
- try to reduce the dict-size on mac: experiment with xPointer, etc.
- todo
- todo
- clock and date for Numra
- todo
- todo
- fix bugs!
Maja
- Prepare text´s about normativity issue to SGL/SGM
- done, take a look at the doc about numerals, then loanwords left
- done, take a look at the doc about numerals, then loanwords left
- more work on sma adjectives
- done an todo, will work this week on adjectives
- done an todo, will work this week on adjectives
- Send Lena Kappfjell and Harald Gaski a contract
- Børre has sent contracts to Lena and Harald
- Børre has sent contracts to Lena and Harald
- Send Josef an e: mail - question about book signature from this summer
- done, Turi Aleksandersen is on leave to 10. oct. not available
- done, Turi Aleksandersen is on leave to 10. oct. not available
- Send formal letter to Gerd Pärsson about the book Eahperestujmie. forward the contract about "Gosse dah jeatjebh åerieh". David has the contract from the writer in Sweden and he would send it, when he came back to Norway - send David an e: mail about that.
- written and sent a letter with the two contracts to Gerd Pärsson
- written and sent a letter with the two contracts to Gerd Pärsson
- 9-10 årbøker "Åarjel-saemieh" -2-3 artikler written in southsámi- ask to use these.
- haven´t get theese books yet.
- haven´t get theese books yet.
- digitize south sámi books
- Tomas work
- Tomas work
- work with missing lists- southsámi
- not done, has to wait
Sjur
- @Barents: plan a meeting/seminar with potential cooperation partners
- @Barents: plan for The Real Thing
- @TTS: start public tender process
- make Leif Åge send out CD's to distribution points
- start Nordplus Sprog project
- send eXist log files to Ciprian
- finalise formal letter to Laila Mattsson-Magga with Maja
- Write a formal letter to Davvi girji about electronic dictionaries
- package and deliver sma proofing tools (with Tomi)
- make XSL script to transform leaflet Forrest XDocs to an OOo Drawer document
- continue to write a proofing API & implementation specification
- made substantial updates to the documentation
- put it online
- still nothing real for the API part
- made substantial updates to the documentation
- name db/risten.no
- discussed with Ciprian, Tomi
- made editing functional again (just a reindex needed)
- meeting with the Terminology and Place Name Team in SD
- discussed with Ciprian, Tomi
- follow-up on some Polderland-related bugs: 621, 630, 652
- support and maintenance contract for sme and smj, MS+Adobe tools
- Sámi languages as part of Norsk språkbank
- set up risten.no on eXist/XServe (as a beta version site)
- tried to run it locally, no luck
- tried to run it locally, no luck
- set up required infra for smenob on risten.no/XServe
- put on hold till we have a new rewritten UI based on a clean separation
- put on hold till we have a new rewritten UI based on a clean separation
-
sma umlaut / derivation work
- find and contact the correct person in SD, to get the manuscript for all Sámi
-
fix bugs!
- other things:
- made xfst-based transdcuders compile with Foma (with Francis and Trond)
- prepared and conducted project board meeting
- speech synthesis meeting
- sent a lot of Foma feedback to Måns Huldén
- made xfst-based transdcuders compile with Foma (with Francis and Trond)
Thomas
- make poster for conference Arctic Languages
- done
- done
- prepare text´s about normativity issue to SGL/SGM
- worked
- worked
-
sma adjectives
- nothing this week
- nothing this week
- Digitalize south saami books
- worked
- worked
- finish reformulating the proper noun grammar like the verbs
- not yet
- not yet
-
fix bugs!
- some work done
Tomi
- add missing Finnish translations in sme/xml/nouns.xml
- added last week
- added last week
- package and deliver sma proofing tools (with Sjur)
- not done
- not done
- document how compounding is controlled in the PLX conversion
- not done
- not done
- fix double hyphen bugs
- not done
- not done
- fix PL hyphenator bugs
- not done
- not done
- fix PL and Hunspell conversion bugs
- worked
- worked
- infrastructure remake
- not done
- not done
-
sma umlaut / derivation work
- not done
- not done
-
fix bugs!
- other
- compiled & tested new spellers
Trond
- add missing Finnish translations in sme/xml/nouns.xml
- Mikogo for Lene and Linda
- Komi
- Completing the automaton to some state
- Completing the automaton to some state
-
sma proper noun grammar (with the rest of the sma gang)
- clock and date for Numra
- fix bugs!.
Oahpa!
Ciprian has fixed some bugs, and continued the work on the Bodø Oahpa!.
Meeting memos can be found at
TODO
- Register oahpa.no (Trond)
- Add the 37 missing Finnish translations in sme/xml/nouns.xml (Trond, Tomi)
- Generate fin/xml/{nouns|verbs|adjectives}.xml, and implement the new Leksa
- clock and date for Numra (Trond, Ciprian)
Corpus gathering
Børre has prepared several new contracts, see above. Maja has prepared a
TODO:
- Which books are digitized?
- These books should be OCR'ed/digitized: Anna Jacobsens books
- Its not digitized yet, should do it this week.
- use the corpus gathering document to keep track of each book
- These books should be OCR'ed/digitized: Anna Jacobsens books
- continue gathering sma corpus texts (Maja)
- get sma articles in Š-bláđđi
- the Gun Utsi book is almost there - one contract missing (Jovsset)
- will meet with the translator in July, and get the signature then
- check with Jovsset whether he succeeded (Maja)
- will meet with the translator in July, and get the signature then
- get sma articles in Š-bláđđi
- read formal letter to Laila Mattsson-Magga by David (Sjur)
- write formal letter to Davvi Girji (Sjur)
- send a copy of the signed contracts back to the authors, translators and
- find and contact the correct person in SD, to get the manuscript for all Sámi
- get the sma yearbooks from Saemien sïjhte ( Maja)
Promoting Divvun
TODO:
- make leaflet to inform about the project (Børre)
- add InDesign text (Sjur)
- make XSL script to transform Forrest XDocs to an OOo Drawer document
- add InDesign text (Sjur)
- distribute CD version through the library bus, the language centres and common
- make him send out CD's accordingly (Sjur)
- make him send out CD's accordingly (Sjur)
- update online download log statistics page (Børre)
Future plans, directions and ideas
See a separate document in plan/strat/5year.jspwiki.
Northern areas project
TODO:
- Attend a beginners' course in Russian (priority: the alphabet!) near you..
- plan a meeting/seminar with potential cooperation partners (Trond, Sjur)
- plan for The Real Thing (Trond, Sjur)
Infrastructure
To accomodate future enhancements in different directions (in rough order of
- test bench for all parts of our language technology efforts
- test bench enhanced, but not yet complet
- test bench enhanced, but not yet complet
- set up the Leopard Server features for collaborative support:
- permanent chat rooms
- stored (and indexed) chat transcripts of the chat rooms
- iCal server / group calendars
- wiki
- permanent chat rooms
- wiki? on G5 (is part of Leopard Server) or other web-based documentation
- improve Forrest stability and i18n support ( the divvun crashes)
-
Sjur has been working on better i18n and pdf rendering
-
Børre has some ideas for getting back to serving static html files
-
Sjur has been working on better i18n and pdf rendering
- reorganise the documentation:
- differ between target groups
- get better grouping
- decide what to write in forrest and what in wiki
- update/add missing parts
- differ between target groups
- migrate lexc lexicons to XML, splitting the task
- Name lexica (the Name project)
- Dictionaries (already in XML, task is to integrate them)
- At least migrate the lexc open POSes (Komi as a pilot case)
- Name lexica (the Name project)
- change the look of the documentation web
- use HFST as alternative to XFST
- corpus content moved to Max Planck repositories? Norsk språkbank?
- update infrastructure to allow content-restricted spellers for special target
TODO:
- phase out the G5, use the XServe as our web server instead (Børre)
- upgrade the XServe to Snow Leopard Server (Børre)
- ask Lene, Linda to install Mikogo (Trond)
- restructure and clean the script catalogue, using subdirs to categorise the
- see posting in the news group
- see posting in the news group
- infrastructure remake: ( Børre, Ciprian, Saara, Sjur, Tomi, Trond)
- make a test-all target that runs all tests we have (Ciprian, Sjur, Trond)
- delayed until we have restructured the make/build process
- delayed until we have restructured the make/build process
- define and document testing routines (Ciprian, Sjur, Trond)
- delayed until we have restructured the make/build process
Linguistics
North Sámi
(nothing new, see proofing bugs below)
Lule Sámi
(nothing new, see proofing bugs below)
South Sámi
TODO:
- reformulate the proper noun grammar according to the Trondheim discussions
- Prepare text´s about normativity issue to SGL/SGM (Maja, Thomas)
- placenames (Maja)
- other issues
- placenames (Maja)
- finish the umlaut / derivation work (Thomas, Sjur, Tomi)
- adjectives (Maja with Thomas, Trond, Sjur)
- two competing naming conventions of continuation lexicons
- One naming goes ATTRSUFF-PREDSUFF-STEMTYPE
- One follows the sme convention of naming key adjectives
- There are duplicate lexica
- One naming goes ATTRSUFF-PREDSUFF-STEMTYPE
- The comparative issue open here and there
- The ATTRSUFF-PREDSUFF-STEMTYPE lexica now go to EVENCOMP and
- The ATTRSUFF-PREDSUFF-STEMTYPE lexica now go to EVENCOMP and
- two competing naming conventions of continuation lexicons
Name lexicon/risten.no infrastructure
Tomi has played with couchdb as a replacement
Instead of building our own webforms and back-end update scripts, use XForms
From the meeting with the terminology and IT teams last week:
- no major rework on the present search interface now
- no work on the editing section; instead:
- add existing lists of sanctioned terminology as separate term entities
- add a dictionary if we can make one with sufficient quality
This means the following tasks:
- find already approved lists, in paper or electronic form (term team)
- convert paper lists to electronic lists (term team)
- convert lists to standard XML (Sjur, Tomi)
- add prepared lists to risten.no (Sjur, Tomi)
TODO:
- send eXist log files to Ciprian (Sjur)
- fix i18n bug in risten.no/G5 (so they will work without the proper locale
- fix bugs in lexc2xml; add comments to the log element (Saara)
- finish first version of the editing (Sjur)
- test editing of the xml files. If ok, then: ( Sjur, Thomas, Trond)
- make terms-smX.xml <=== automatically from propernoun-sme-lex.xml (add nob
- convert propernoun-($lang)-lex.txt to a derived file from common xml files
- implement data synchronisation between risten.no and
- start to use the xml file as source file
- clean terms-sme.xml such that all names have the correct tag for their use
- merge placenames which are errouneously in different entries: e.g. Helsinki,
- publish the name lexicon on risten.no (Sjur)
- add missing parallel names for placenames (linguists)
- add informative links between first names like Niillas and Nils
Dictionaries
Ciprian talked to Bruce Moren about data for a Lule-Sami dictionary,
TODO:
- set up risten.no on eXist/XServe (as a beta version site) (Sjur)
- set up required infra for smenob on risten.no/XServe (Sjur)
- Continue the dictionary infrastructure discussion (Ciprian, Sjur, Trond)
- end user documentation (how to download and install) (Ciprian, Trond)
- Contact Davvi Girji about cooperation on electronic dictionaries
- developing the mobile phone version of smenob:
- http: //pfed.info/wksite/
- http: //pfed.info/wksite/
- Komi
- take out the doublets to a separate file (Ciprian)
- merge the doublets (Jaska, Trond)
- start looking at the komfin and komeng MacDicts (Ciprian)
- Completing the automaton to some state (Trond, Jaska, Paula)
- take out the doublets to a separate file (Ciprian)
Proofing tools
HFST-based proofing tools
The work is progressing...
TODO:
- continue to write an API specification, and an implementation specification
Hunspell
Børre has released beta7, with working clitics, negation verb and copula.
Testing
Spelling Error Markup
TODO:
- test new and nested error markup (Sjur)
- nesting still needs to be tested, depends on new ccat feature
Speller testing
TODO:
- test the error type selection feature in ccat (Sjur)
- package and deliver sma proofing tools (Sjur, Tomi)
- add South Sámi DLL's to the svn repository (Sjur)
Testing open-source Norwegian spellers
Sjur has invited the open-source group to test their spell-checker using our
We should go to their developer meetings, and present our work and how to work
Speller bugs
List of bugs returned from Polderland:
- 621
- 630
- 652
- 656
- 676
Open issues based on test results:
sme
- 399 - missing numerals (plural forms) - still OPEN
- 425 - X not recognised; single letters were left out - still OPEN
- 435 - roman numbers - inflection of single letter numbers
- we should pregenerate all numbers once and for all, and store them in a
- we should pregenerate all numbers once and for all, and store them in a
- 461 - REGRESSION: missing suggestion (sáhkki)
- 508 - REGRESSION: accepts smj entries (most likely abbreviation missing)
- 520 - REGRESSION: r9 and š9 not defined (abbr. missing)
- 595 - prefix+name without hyphen (ovdaLot instead of ovda-Lot) - still
- 603 - suomabealdi accepted - still OPEN
- 606 - compound-tags LEXICON VUOHTA - still OPEN
- 613 - short gen. as second compound part - still OPEN
- 619 - numerals and pronouns to NAMÁK and SASJ fails - vihttasoarttat
- 629 - a taking part in compounding without hyphen - still OPEN
- only open case has word A-finálaid compounded
- only open case has word A-finálaid compounded
- 647 - numerals+NOUN - still OPEN, open case has uppercase letters
- 648 - unmotivated suggestions with numeral+noun - still OPEN
- 661 - REGRESSION: abbr. not recognized
- 709 - sámedikkeválga accepted - OPEN
- 728 - vowel shortening GenCmp+Left-tagged - still OPEN
- 779 - caseforms of pronoun okatahat - still OPEN
- 785 - does not recognize alphabet-abbr+noun - OPEN
- 802 - NEW: multiword propernouns
- 803 - NEW: FINJU- words accepted single-handed
- 804 - NEW: guovttilogát, njealjilogát
- 805 - NEW: Nouns+acronyms
smj
- 435 - roman number - single letter numbers now recognised
- we should pre-generate all numbers once and for all, and store them in a
- please note that inflection of single letter numerals is fine in
- we should pre-generate all numbers once and for all, and store them in a
- 482 - polardutkamin not recognized - FIXED
- 496 - REGRESSION: unrecognised clitics
- 556 - non-existent word accepted - FIXED
- 594 - lågenanguoktáj not recognized - still OPEN
- 595 - REGRESSION: prefix+name as split comp without hyphen
- 596 - C-giellan is not accepted - still OPEN
- 600 - Gen+hyph compound - FIXED
- 627 - prefix + hyhpen does not get accepted - FIXED
- 647 - numerals+NOUN - still OPEN, open case has uppercase letters
- 648 - unmotivated suggestions with numeral+noun - still OPEN
- 650 - REGRESSION: noun prefix+name compound without hyphen
- 652 - UPPERCASE-typos only get acronym-suggestions - still OPEN
- 692 - numeral-variants - all but one fixed (gáktsalågenantjuotakta), but
- 744 - REGRESSION: numerals + clitic
- 803 - NEW: VINJU- words accepted single-handed
- 805 - NEW: Nouns+acronyms
TODO:
- document how compounding is controlled in the PLX conversion (Tomi)
Hyphenator bugs
Open issues based on test results :
sme
- 468 - Márkomeanu - FIXED
- 547 - hyphen in front of vowel: Lotnolasealáhusas - FIXED
- 548 - mid syllable hyphenation: Háliidivččen - FIXED
- 549 - division without hyph: Váccedettiin - FIXED
smj
- 547 - hyphen in front of vowel: Jienastimnjuolgadusá and Orgánajs -
- 670 - Hard hyphen replaced with soft hyphen: 10-biejvvásattja (the word is
TODO:
- fix PL hyphenator errors (Tomi)
Installer changes
TODO:
- test InDesign installer (Sjur)
User documentation
TODO:
- InDesign documentation (Sjur)
- Norwegian translation received from Davvi Girji
1.2 release
Content:
- several smj bug fixes
- lexicalisations
- InDesign Mac & Win
- new OOo beta
- improved installers, at least for Mac, preferably also for Windows
Other
Autumn planning
- divvun/sma -> all
- speller test project -> Sjur, Børre, Thomas, X
- speech synthesis -> Sjur, Trond, BA as a starter
- dictionaries: smanob, komfineng, fkvnob -> Ciprian, Sjur, Trond
- risten.no -> Ciprian, Sjur, Tomi
- Barents project follow-up meeting
- sme and smj proofing tools, next version -> Thomas, Tomi, Sjur
- HFST-based proofing tools -> Sjur
- sma langauge experts meeting, incl. Pia Persson & SGM/SGL
Text to speech
TODO:
- refine syntax / dependency rules (Biret Ánne)
- start public tender process (Sjur)
MT and CAT
TODO:
- make A-ITE compile and run on Windows (Ciprian)
Open source
The repository is properly closed/open now, and the availability of the source
TODO:
- announce the availability of our repository on relevant linguistic lists
Next meeting, closing
The next meeting is 12.10.2009, 9.30 Norwegian time.
The meeting was closed at 10: 43.
Appendix - task lists for the next five days
Boerre
- static i18n divvun site
- order Snow Leopard for the XServe
- phase out the G5, use the XServe as our web server instead
- upgrade the XServe to Snow Leopard Server
- improve XSL script to transform leaflet Forrest XDocs to an OOo Draw document
-
gt/Makefile remake
- get translations of thank-you letter
- fix bugs!
Ciprian
- MT: test Autshumato Alpha version on Windows using Launcher
- MT: make Autshumato run on Mac
- make eXist running with the SLT-DB
- make a schema/dtd description of the lexC-file (experiment with
- transform sme-lexC files into XML format
- GT web:
- coloring output of the disambiguation
- add a tree visualizer for the dependency trees
- coloring output of the disambiguation
- Bodø Oahpa:
- generalize for semantic classes and pos
- implement a login mechanism
- implement a upload data mechanism
- setup the Bodø version on victorio
- generalize for semantic classes and pos
- Sandbox Oahpa:
- setup the Sandbox version on victorio
- setup the Sandbox version on victorio
- Running Oahpa:
- debug <only-pl/> and <no-leksa/> features (reported by Lene)
- add an Oahpa clock and date excercise (cf. Numra)
- Generate fin/xml/{nouns|verbs|adjectives}.xml, and implement the new Leksa
- debug <only-pl/> and <no-leksa/> features (reported by Lene)
- KomEngFin:
- compile only one version of dictionary and use css for user preferences
- generate the first StarDict version of komeng and komfin dictionary
- test the automatic sorting by Komi alphabet in xsl (as discussed
- compile only one version of dictionary and use css for user preferences
- SmeNob:
- the StarDict on Windows: check the XDXF-plugin
- try to reduce the dict-size on mac: experiment with xPointer, etc.
- incorporate the passives into the last version of the sme: nob
- the StarDict on Windows: check the XDXF-plugin
- SmaNobSwe:
- extend the smanobswe dictionary
- check all bug in the sma: nob-swe dictionary
- fix the bug with the string length in the popup window (sma: nob)
- extend the smanobswe dictionary
- SmjNob:
- start working at a Lule-Sami based on Bruce Moren's data
- start working at a Lule-Sami based on Bruce Moren's data
- SjdRus:
- continue the work at the Kildin-Russian dictionary, next internal deadline is
- continue the work at the Kildin-Russian dictionary, next internal deadline is
- Corpus:
- check the processing of new corpus documents (error logging during conversion,
- check the processing of new corpus documents (error logging during conversion,
- fix bugs!
Maja
- Prepare text´s about normativity issue to SGL/SGM
- more work on sma adjectives
- contact Turi Aleksandersen about book signature follow-up from Joseph
- contact authors of sma aticles in 9-10 eds. of the yearbook Åarjel-saemieh
- work with missing lists- southsámi
Sjur
- @Barents: plan a meeting/seminar with potential cooperation partners
- @Barents: plan for The Real Thing
- @TTS: start public tender process
- make Leif Åge send out CD's to distribution points
- start Nordplus Sprog project
- send eXist log files to Ciprian
- finalise formal letter to Laila Mattsson-Magga with Maja
- Write a formal letter to Davvi girji about electronic dictionaries
- package and deliver sma proofing tools (with Tomi)
- make XSL script to transform leaflet Forrest XDocs to an OOo Drawer document
- continue to write a proofing API & implementation specification
- name db/risten.no
- follow-up on some Polderland-related bugs: 621, 630, 652
- support and maintenance contract for sme and smj, MS+Adobe tools
- Sámi languages as part of Norsk språkbank
- set up risten.no on eXist/XServe (as a beta version site)
- set up required infra for smenob on risten.no/XServe
- find and contact the correct person in SD, to get the manuscript for all Sámi
- fix bugs!
Thomas
- prepare text´s about normativity issue to SGL/SGM
-
sma adjectives
- Digitalize south saami books
- finish reformulating the proper noun grammar like the verbs
- fix bugs!
Tomi
- package and deliver sma proofing tools (with Sjur)
- document how compounding is controlled in the PLX conversion
- fix double hyphen bugs
- fix PL hyphenator bugs
- fix PL and Hunspell conversion bugs
- infrastructure remake
-
sma umlaut / derivation work
- fix bugs!
Trond
- add missing Finnish translations in sme/xml/nouns.xml
- Mikogo for Lene and Linda
- Komi
- Completing the automaton to some state
- Completing the automaton to some state
-
sma proper noun grammar (with the rest of the sma gang)
- clock and date for Numra
- fix bugs!.