Derivation Overview
Contents:
The table will be extended with more derivations.
From verbs
Dynamic passive derivations
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem | |
---|---|---|---|
sme | +Der/PassL: čállit > čállojuvvot | +Der/PassL: muitalit > muitaluvvot | |
sme | +Der/PassS: čállit > čállot | not | |
smj | +Der/PassL: tjállet > tjáleduvvat | +Der/PassL: subtsastit > subtsastuvvat | |
smj | +Der/PassS: tjállet > tjállut | not | |
smn | +Der/Pass: čäälliđ > čalluđ | +Der/Pass: muštâliđ > muštâluđ | |
sma | +Der/PassL: tjaeledh > tjaalasovvedh | +Der/PassL: bïeljelidh > bïeljelovvedh | |
sma | +Der/PassS: | OBS | |
sje | ? | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? | ? |
North Saami +Der/PassL is not lexicalised.
+Der/PassL and +Der/PassS: usually same meaning. We lexicalise +Der/PassS with special meaning,
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/halla: gávdnat > gávnnahallat | not |
smj | +Der/PassD: gávnnat > gávnadallat | not |
smn | ? | - |
sma | +Der/htalle: gaavnedh > gaavnehtalledh | not |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
North Saami +Der/halla-form is usually also lexicalised: gávnnahallat+V+IV+Pass+Inf (+Pass only for this form, so we could consider a +Der/PassH for this).
Meaning: juoga dáhpáhuvvá vahágis olbmui. The agent can be mentioned, in Illative.
Suggestion: sme: +Der/halla => +Der/PassH, sma: +Der/htalle => +Der/PassHT, smj: +Der/PassD
Continuative -d-
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/d: borrat > boradit | +Der/adda ? |
smj | +Der/d: bårråt > bårådit | x |
smn | +Der/d: puurrâđ > purâdiđ | x |
sma | +Der/d: bïepmedh? > byöpmedidh | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
sme: -it-verbs has not dynamic derivation. Lexicalised -it gets -adit, e.g.: juohkit > juogadit
Dynamic -st-
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/st: čállit > čálistit | +Der/st: jorgalit > jorgalastit |
smj | +Der/st: tjállet > tjálestit | x |
smn | +Der/st: čäälliđ > čälistiđ | +Der/st: jurgâliđ > jurgâlistiđ |
sma | +Der/st: tjaeledh > tjaeliestidh | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Dynamic -l-
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/l: vázzit > vázzilit | not? |
smj | +Der/l: vádtset > vádtselit | x |
smn | +Der/l: väzziđ > väzziliđ | x |
sma | +Der/l: vaedtsedh > vaedtsielidh | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Causative
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/h: čállit > čálihit | +Der/Caus: jorgalit > jorgalahttit |
smj | +Der/d: tjállet > tjáledit | +Der/Caus: jårggålit > jårggålahttet |
smn | +Der/tt: čäälliđ > čälittiđ | +Der/Caus: jurgâliđ > jurgâlittiđ |
sma | +Der/ht: tjaeledh > tjaeliehtidh | +Der/Caus: jarkoestidh > jarkoestehtedh |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Inchoative long form
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/InchL: čállit > čálligoahtit | +Der/InchL: jorgalit > jorgališgoahtit |
smj | +Der/InchL: tjállet > tjállegoahtet | +Der/InchL: jårggålit > jårggålisjgoahtet |
smn | +Der/InchL: čäälliđ > čääliškyettiđ | +Der/InchL: jurgâliđ > jurgâlškyettiđ |
sma | +Der/InchL: tjaeledh > tjaeliegåetedh | +Der/InchL: jarkoestidh > ? |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Smj: -ahttjat is another inchoative derivation: tjáledahttját > tjáledit+V+TV+Der/ahttjá+V+Inf
From verb to noun - the action
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/NomAct: čállit > čállin | +Der/NomAct: oahpahit > oahpaheapmi |
smj | +Der/NomAct: tjállet > tjállem | +Der/NomAct: åhpadit > åhpadibme |
smn | +Der/NomAct: čäälliđ > čäällim | +Der/NomAct: máttááttiđ > máttááttem |
sma | +Der/NomAct: tjaeledh > tjaeleme | +Der/NomAct: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtimmie |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
From verb to noun - the hmmm...
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/muš: dahkat > dahkamuš | +Der/eamoš: jorgalit > jorgaleamoš |
smj | +Der/mus: dahkat > dahkamus | x |
smn | +Der/mas: tutkâđ > tutkâmuš, tutkâmâš | x |
sma | not dynamic: darjodh > darjomes | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Suggestion: +Der/muš and +Der/eamoš > +Der/musj
From verb to noun - the actor
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/NomAg: čállit > čálli | +Der/NomAg: oahpahit > oahpaheaddji |
smj | +Der/NomAg: tjállet > tjálle | +Der/NomAg: åhpadit > åhpadiddje |
smn | +Der/NomAg: čäälliđ > čällee | +Der/NomAg: máttááttiđ > máttáátteijee |
sma | +Der/NomAg: tjaeledh > tjaelije | +Der/NomAg: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtæjja |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
From verb to adjective
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/geahtes: čállit > čálekeahtes | x |
smj | +Der/ahtes: tjaeledh > tjállemahtes | x |
smn | x | x |
sma | x | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
smj: Derived from +Der/NomAct form: tjállet+V+TV+Der/NomAct+N+Der/ahtes+A+Attr
From noun
Diminutive
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/Dimin: mánná > mánáš | +Der/Dimin: beana > beatnagaš |
smj | +Der/Dimin: mánná > mánásj | +Der/Dimin: bena > bednagasj |
smn | +Der/Dimin: nieidâ > nieidâš | +Der/Dimin: x |
sma | +Der/Dimin: maana > maanetje | +Der/Dimin: åerpele > åerpieladtje |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Caritives
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/geahtes SUB: mánná > mánákeahtes | +Der/geahtes: isit > isitkeahtes |
smj | x | +Der/ahtes: iset > isedahtes |
smn | x | x |
sma | x | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/Car: beallji > bealjeheapme | +Der/Car: beana > beanaheapme |
smj | +Der/Car: biellje > bieljedibme | x |
smn | +Der/Car: pelji > peljittem | +Der/Car: nissoon > nissoonttem |
sma | +Der/Car: bieljie > bieljehts | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
From noun to adjective
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/lasj: mánná > mánálaš | +Der/lasj: nisson > nissonlaš |
smj | +Der/lasj: mánná > mánálasj | not |
smn | +Der/lasj: nieidâ > nieidâlâš | +Der/lasj: nissoon > nissoonlâš |
sma | x | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
smj: +Der/lasj only takes even syllable stems
From noun to noun :a person from that place
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolaš | +Der/lasj: Bergen > bergenlaš |
smj | +Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolasj | x |
smn | x | x |
sma | x | x |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
From adjective
From adjective to adjective
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
sme | x | dearvvas > dearvvaslaš | not dynamic |
smj | x | x | - |
smn | x | +Der/lasj: tiervâs > tiervâslâš | - |
sma | x | x | - |
sje | ? | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? | ? |
smj: No -lasj derivation for adjectives.
From adjective to adjective
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
sme | x | +Der/laakan: fiskat > fiskeslágan | not dynamic |
smj | x | x | x |
smn | x | +Der/laakan: fiskâd > fiskislágán | - |
sma | x | x | - |
sje | ? | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? | ? |
smj: -lágásj is cmp, not derivation
From adjective to adverb
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/AAdv: x | +Der/AAdv: viššal > viššalit |
smj | +Der/AAdv: x | +Der/AAdv: vissjal > vissjalit |
smn | +Der/AAdv: x | +Der/AAdv: viššâl > viššâlávt |
sma | x | +Der/laakan: rudtjege > rudtjegelaakan |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |
From adjective to noun
Lang. | Vowel stem | Consonant stem |
---|---|---|
sme | +Der/vuota: x | +Der/vuota: viššal > viššalvuohta |
smj | +Der/vuota: x | +Der/vuota: vissjal > vissjalisvuohta |
smn | +Der/vuota: x | +Der/vuota: x |
sma | +Der/vuota: x | +Der/vuota: rudtjege > rudtjegevoete |
sje | ? | ? |
sms | ? | ? |