Letter Encoding

There are several conventions for writing Northern Haida.

This document contains an overview over the differences between the various orthographic conventions.

Ph EM ES ANLC SHIP Br fst
x c c x x x x
ɢ̥ G r ĝ ǥ gh þ
k’ k’ k’ kk kk kk k’
qʰ q q ḵ ḵ q ñ
qʼ q’ q’ ḵ’ ḵ’ qq ñ’
lˀ ’l ’l ll ll ll ’l
mˀ ’m ’m mm mm mm ’m
nˀ ’n ’n nn nn nn ’n
pʼ p’ p’ – – – p’
ʕ r r ǥ – gh ç
tʼ t’ t’ tt tt tt t’
t͡ɬ ʼ tl’ tl’ ttl ttl ttl tl’
ħ x x x̱ – – ý
χ X x x̂ x̱ xh ð
ʔ 7 7 ’ ’ ’ ’

Abbreviation for orthographies:

  • Ph = Underlying phoneme
  • EM = Enrico Masset,
  • ES = Enrico Skidegate,
  • ANLC = Alaska Native Language Center,
  • SHIP = Skidegate Haida Immersion Program
  • Br = Robert Bringhurst
  • fst = The present Northern Haida finite-state transducer