kio

Free and Open source Kiowa analyser giella-kio

Authors
Divvun and Giellatekno teams, community members
Software version
2012
Documentation license
GNU GFDL
SVN Revision
$Revision:68217 $
SVN Date
$Date:2013-01-16 11:31:33 +0200 (Wed, 16 Jan 2013) $

giella-kio

This is free and open source Kiowa morphology.

INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF Kiowa LANGUAGE.

Definitions for Multichar_Symbols

Analysis symbols

The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Kiowa language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

POS

  • +N
  • +V
  • +Prop
  • +Adv
  • +CC
  • +CS
  • +Interj
  • +Pron
  • +Num
  • +Arab
  • +Rom
  • +PUNCT = punctuation symbols
  • +LEFT = the left part of a paired punctuation symbol
  • +RIGHT = the right part of a paired punctuation symbol
  • +CLB = clause boundary symbols
  • +Loc Locative
  • +Dim Diminutive
  • +Ipc Indeclinable Particle
  • +Dem Demonstrative
  • +Def This is the intransitive demonstrative, i.e. the definite.
  • +Prox Demonstrative Proximate
  • +Med Demonstrative Medial
  • +Dist Demonstrative Distal
  • +Foc Focus particle

Verbal MSP

  • +Prs
  • +Fut
  • +Prt
  • +Prf
  • +Cnj
  • +Int This tag is for the Future Intentional
  • +Def This tag is for the Future Definite
  • +Ind Indicative, aka Independent
  • +Imp Imperative, consider deleting +Imp tag
  • +Del Delayed imperative
  • +Imm Immediate imperative, consider deleting +Imp tag
  • +Sbj Subjunctive, aka Conjunct mode, ê-
  • +Cond TODO: Should Future Conditional be tagget Fut only? Conor: we will split the Future tags
  • +1Sg first singular
  • +2Sg etc
  • +2Sg/Pl Used in the syncretic 2sg/pl -> 1pl in the VTA paradigms
  • +3Sg
  • +1Pl 1Pl is exclusive plural (I, them, not you)
  • +2Pl
  • +3Pl
  • +12Pl 12Pl is inclusive plural (I, you, ...)
  • +4Sg Fourth Person inanimate singlar (used only in the VII paradigms)
  • +4Pl Fourth Person inanimate plural (used only in the VII paradigms)
  • +4Sg/Pl
  • +5Sg/Pl
  • +1SgO objective conjugation
  • +2SgO
  • +2Sg/PlO Used in the syncretic 2sg/pl -> 1pl in the VTA paradigms
  • +3SgO
  • +SgO
  • +1PlO
  • +2PlO
  • +3PlO
  • +PlO
  • +4Sg/PlO ambiguous 4th person (both Singular and Plural)
  • +5Sg/PlO ambiguous 5th person (both Singular and Plural)
  • +X Unspecified actor forms Okimāsis p. 118

Nominal MSP

  • +Sg singular
  • +Pl plural
  • +Px1Sg person prefixes for nouns
  • +Px2Sg
  • +Px3Sg
  • +Px4Sg
  • +Px1Pl obviative
  • +Px12Pl inclusive
  • +Px2Pl
  • +Px3Pl
  • +Px4Pl
  • +Der/Dim diminutive derivation
  • RdplW+ Reduplication Type 1 (Weak)
  • RdplS+ Reduplication Type 2 (Strong)
  • +Der/Com Comitative circumfix (wîci-...-m)
  • +Der/X VTI x-actor to VII-1

Verb conjugation (transitivity + animacy classes)

  • +AI intransitive with animate subject,
  • +II intransitive with inanimate subject,
  • +TA transitive with animate object, and
  • +TI transitive with inanimate object.

Noun animacy and dependency classes

  • +A animate noun
  • +I inanimate noun
  • +D dependent noun
  • +Incl me too, etc.
  • +Qst yes-no question particle ci

The Usage extents are marked using following tags:

Flag diacritics

@U.person.1Sg@ IV person tags
@U.person.2Sg@ IV person tags
@U.person.3Sg@ IV person tags
@U.person.1Du@ IV person tags
@U.person.2Du@ IV person tags
@U.person.3Du@ IV person tags
@U.person.1Pl@ IV person tags
@U.person.2Pl@ IV person tags
@U.person.3Pl@ IV person tags
@U.person.1SgO@ IV person tags
@U.person.2SgO@ IV person tags
@U.person.3SgO@ IV person tags
@U.person.1DuO@ IV person tags
@U.person.2DuO@ IV person tags
@U.person.3DuO@ IV person tags
@U.person.1PlO@ IV person tags
@U.person.2PlO@ IV person tags
@U.person.3PlO@ IV person tags

crk flags

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

@P.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@ (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@ Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@ Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@ Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@ Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@ Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

@U.Cap.Obl@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@ Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The word forms in UNDEFINED language start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes: