phonology-morphology

The Livvi (Olonets) Karelian morphophonological/twolc rules file

%{aoeInf%}:a Back vowel infinitive marker %{äöeInf%}:ä Front vowel infinitive marker

  • %{aäoeöuiy%}:ä with partitive type koivuu
  • %{aäoeö%}:ä newer This is for diphthongs such as the infinitive marker after i and u stems ampuo
  • %{aäuyiØ%}:ä in participle endings anticipating PÄIVY or KOIRU type

%{ui%}:i in imperative before %{aä%}:

%{oöØ%}:0 Used in present participle

%{ijPRC%}:j participle

  • %{lnrs%}:n e.g. in perfect participles
  • %{dtlnr%}:d e.g. infinitive and Ind+Prs+Pl3

%^DEVOICE: 0 %^VOICE: 0 pestä : pezen

%^Pen: 0 pagisou paistah in combination with WGStem to trigger

%^D2Z: 0 ! The ti => zi

%^E2O: 0 the e => o, e => ö

%^Ä2I: 0 ä => i %^A2UÄ2I: 0 a => u, ä => i

%^ILoss: 0 the i => 0 reboi reboloi %^V2U: 0 v => y kävvä käydy

_%^RVow: 0 _ _%^RmVow: 0 _ vowel removal, e.g. with superlative

Triggers dictating right context phenomena

  • _%{back%}:0 _ back harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary
  • _%{front%}:0 _ front harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary

Right context for gradation

Rules

%{aä%}:a

%{aä%}:ä

%{aäoeö%}:a

%{aäoeö%}:ä

%{aäoeö%}:o

%{aäoeö%}:e

%{aäoeö%}:ö

{aäoeöuiy%}:a

{aäoeöuiy%}:ä

{aäoeöuiy%}:o

{aäoeöuiy%}:e

{aäoeöuiy%}:ö

{aäoeöuiy%}:u

{aäoeöuiy%}:i

{aäoeöuiy%}:y

e:0

%{ui%}:u 

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* __kanda%{back%}%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%} __
* __kanda0%>kkuammo __

%{ui%}:i 

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* __lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%} __
* __lʼyk0ä00%>kkiämmö __

A2:a

A2:u

A2:y

%{aäuyiØ%}:a

%{aäuyiØ%}:u

%{aäuyiØ%}:ä

%{aäuyiØ%}:y

%{aäuyiØ%}:i

%{aäuyiØ%}:0

a:u before subsequent a Diphthong a+a => ua ostua+V+Inf: buy/ostaa

osta%>%{aä%} examples:

ostu%>%{aä%} examples:

ä:i before subsequent A2 Diphthong ä+ä => iä kehittiä+V+Inf: develop/kehittää

kehittä%>%{aä%} examples:

kehitti%>ä examples:

o:u before subsequent o Diphthong o+o => uo erota: eruou

ero%>%{oö%}%>n examples:

eru0o%>n examples:

runo%>%{oö%} examples:

runu%>o examples:

jo%>vv%{aä%} examples:

ju%>vva examples:

ö:y before subsequent ö Diphthong ö+ö, ö+%{oö%}:ö => yö

sö%>ö%>y examples:

sy%>ö%>y examples:

pöllö%>ö examples:

pölly%>ö examples:

sö%>vvä examples:

sy%>vvä examples:

e:i before subsequent :e Diphthong o+o => uo erota: eruou 


__valge%>e%^WGStem%>t examples:__

__valgi%>e00t examples:__

__hävi%>%{aäPar%}%>n examples:__

__hävi%>e0n examples:__

__tiedo%^WGStem%>n examples:__

__tiijo0%>n examples:__

* __väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n __
* __vä0i00%>n __

__luge>%{ijPRC%} examples:__

__lugi%>j examples:__

e:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back 


__luge%^E2O%>u examples:__

__lugo%>u examples:__

e:ö Vowel harmony

käske%^E2O%>y examples:

käskö0%>y examples:

ä:y word final

ä:ö word final

a:0 in suaja:sai 

 *  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  Vowel shortening before subsequent "i"

__koira%^RmVow%>i%>en examples:__

__koir00%>i%>en examples:__

__koira0%>j%>en examples:__

__vahna%^RmVow%>in examples:__

__vahn00%>in examples:__
* __otta%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>in __
* __ot00000%>in __

iToj between vowels

i:j

%{ijPRC%}:i 

*  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  +ActPrsPrc

a:o in the plural and preterite

  • muama%{back%}%^A2O
  • muamo00

a:e pidiä

kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aäDiph%}s examples:

kanne00%>ttas examples:

kirjava%^E1%>m%^NONEb examples:

kirjave0%>m0b examples:

ä:e piettih and in comparatives pidiä

  • mečästä%{front%}%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s
  • mečäste00%>ttäs

ä:0 pidiä:pidi

i:0 reboi:reboloi

  • rodi%^RmVow%>i%>h
  • rod00%>i%>h

%{oö%}:oVowel harmony suffixes Back %{oö%}:öVowel harmony suffixes Front

%{oöØ%}:0Vowel harmony suffixes Back

%{oöØ%}:oVowel harmony suffixes Back

luge%>%{ijPRC%}%>%{oöØ%}%>i%>n examples:

lugi%>j%>o%>i%>s examples:

%{oöØ%}:öVowel harmony suffixes Front

%{uy%}:uVowel harmony suffixes Back

  • tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
  • tul%>luh

%{uy%}:yVowel harmony suffixes Front

Consonant change

g:j 

* __poiga%^WGStem%>n __
* __poija0%>n __

g:v

  • joge%^WGStem%>n
  • jove0%>n

g:l

  • sulga%^WGStem%>n
  • sulla0%>n
  • jalga%^A2O%>i%^WGStem%>s
  • jallo0%>i0%>s sulgu+N+Pl+Ins feather/sulka
  • sulga%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>n
  • sull0%>i0%>n

g:r 


__särge%^WGStem%>n examples:__

__särre0%>n examples:__

__kergi%^WGStem%>t%{aäPar%} examples:__

__kerri0%>tä examples:__

d:v 

 d:v <=> [ ö y: | o u: ] _ [ ä: | a ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
           u a           _   o       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
           a             _   u       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
         [ u o: | u: ]   _  [ (%{back%}:) e | a: ]  (%{back%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
         [ ä y: ]   _  [(%{front%}:) e | y ]  (%{front%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
* __täydy%{front%}%^WGStem __
* __tävvy00 __

v:y d:j

  • maido%^WGStem%>n
  • maijo0%>n
  • tiedo%^WGStem%>n
  • tiijo0%>n
  • tiedä%^WGStem%>n
  • tiijä0%>n

y:v

täydy%^WGStem examples:

tävvy0 examples: lʼöydiä: lʼövvä

u:v juodu+N+Pl+Ade

  • juoda%{back%}%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>l
  • juod000%>i0%>l soudua: sovva

o:v Lengthening with Ut:vv weakening

d:z

  • vuod%^D2Z%>i
  • vuoz0%>i
  • tunde%^RmVow%>i
  • tunz00%>i

d:t in partitive

pagis%>d%{aä%}%^WGStemh examples:

pa0is%>ta0h examples:

s:z 

 * s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  pestä: pezen

k:g pestä: peskäh

rd:rr weakening

ld:ll weakening

nd:nn weakening mennä+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: mennäh

kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s examples:

kanne00%>ttas examples:

rn:rr in prtprc

ln:ll in prtprc

  • tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
  • tul%>luh

sn:ss in prtprc

%{dtlnr%}:d

%{dtlnr%}:t

%{dtlnr%}:l tulla+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: tullah

  • tul%{back%}%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
  • tul0%>la kuvitella+V+Inf
  • kuvittel%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
  • kuvi0tel00%>la

%{dtlnr%}:n

%{dtlnr%}:r

CONSONANT LOSS

čToZero 

* s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  suvaija:suvaičen

kToZero aika: ajan 

* __lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>t%{AÄ%} __
* __lʼy0kä00%>tä __
* __abuniekka%{back%}%^A2O%>i%>l __
* __abunie0ko00%>i%>l __
* __liikkeh%{front%}%^WGStem __
* __lii0keh00 __

gToZero aika: ajan

  • väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n
  • vä0i00%>n
  • pagis%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}h
  • pa0is000%>tah

tavoitteh%^WGStem examples:

tavoi0teh0 examples:

  • kuul%>t%{aä%}%^WGStem
  • kuul%>la0

b:v

b:v 

 b:m <=> m _ [ a | i ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ;

p:0 in lapsi

  • kuoppa%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>i%>l
  • kuo0p0000%>i%>l

Consonant loss

d:0 pidiä: piän

pidä%^WGStem%>n examples:

pi0ä0%>n examples:

s:0

bussa%^WGStem%>l examples:

bu0sa0%>l examples: