root-morphology

Stressed vowels

• а́ е́ ё́ и́ о́ у́ ы́ э́ ю́ я́ Primary stress (lower)
• а̀ ѐ ё̀ ѝ о̀ у̀ ы̀ э̀ ю̀ я̀ Secondary stress (lower)

• А́ Е́ Ё́ И́ О́ У́ Ы́ Э́ Ю́ Я́ Primary stress (upper)
• А̀ Ѐ Ё̀ Ѝ О̀ У̀ Ы̀ Э̀ Ю̀ Я̀ Secondary stress (upper)

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):(copied from sme)

Markers

• ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁰ = Used to enumerate homonymous lemmas
• %> = End-of-stem marker (nominals)
• %< = End-of-stem marker (verbs)
• %^F = Fleeting vowel marker
• %^o %^O = Verbal prefix fleeting vowel
• %^G = Irregular GenPl marker (to keep ов/ев on n stems, e.g. ов%^G
• %^Z = Zero ending (resolves to 0/й/ь)
• %^M = Verb stem mutation
• %^D = archiphoneme for д~жд alternation in past passive participles
• %^T = archiphoneme for т~щ alternation in verbs
• %^d = archiphoneme for verb stems with -дший past active participles (-сти 7 (-д-) )
• %^t = archiphoneme for verb stems with -тший past active participles (-сти 7 (-т-) )
• %^R = archiphoneme for бороть and пороть
• %^U = Imperative ending (unstressed)
• %^S = Imperative ending (stressed)
• %^P = Attenuative comparative prefix: по~
• %^A = Attenuative comparative prefix: по~
• %^Y = Verbal prefix вы́-

POS

• +A = Adjective
• +Abbr = Abbreviation
• +Adv = Adverb
• +CC = Coordinating conjunction
• +CS = Subordinating conjunction
• +Det = Determiner
• +Interj = Interjection
• +N = Noun
• +Num = Numeral
• +Paren = Parenthetical вводное слово
• +Pcle = Particle
• +Po = Postposition (ради is the only postposition)
• +Pr = Preposition
• +Pron = Pronoun
• +V = Verb

Sub-POS

• +All = All: весь
• +Coll = Collective numerals
• +Def = Definite
• +Dem = Demonstrative
• +Indef = Indefinite: кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо, кое-кто, etc.
• +Interr = Interrogative: кто, что, какой, ли, etc.
• +Neg = Negative: никто, некого, etc.
• +Pers = Personal
• +Pos = Possessive, e.g. его, наш
• +Prcnt = Percent
• +Prop = Proper
• +Recip = Reciprocal: друг друга
• +Refl = Pronoun себя, possessive свой
• +Rel = Relativizer, e.g. который, где, как, куда, сколько, etc.
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©

Verbal MSP

• +Impf +Perf = Imperfective, perfective
• +IV +TV = Intransitive, transitive (Zaliznjak does not mark trans-only, so transitive verbs all have both TV and IV)
• +Inf +Imp = Imperatives: 2nd person = читай, 1st person = прочитаем
• +Pst +Prs +Fut = Past, present, future
• +Sg1 +Sg2 +Sg3 = person sg
• +Pl1 +Pl2 +Pl3 = person pl
• +PrsAct +PrsPss = Participles (+PrsAct+Adv and +PstAct+Adv are used for the verbal adverbs)
• +PstAct +PstPss = Participles
• +Pass = Passive
• +Imprs = Impersonal (cannot have explicit subject)
• +Lxc = Lexicalized (for participial forms)

• +Der = Derived (for participial forms)
• +Der/PrsAct = Derived (for participial forms)
• +Der/PrsPss = Derived (for participial forms)
• +Der/PstAct = Derived (for participial forms)
• +Der/PstPss = Derived (for participial forms)

Nominal MSP

• +Msc +Fem +Neu +MFN = grammatical gender, +MFN = gender unspecifiable (pl tantum)
• +Inan +Anim +AnIn = animacy (+AnIn = ambivalent animacy for non-accusative modifiers)
• +Sem/Sur +Sem/Pat = Surname (фамилия), Patronymic
• +Sem/Ant +Sem/Alt = Anthroponym/Given name, Other
• +Sg +Pl = number
• +Nom +Acc +Gen
• +Loc +Dat +Ins
• +Loc2 +Gen2 +Voc
• +Count = Count (for человек/людей or лет/годов, etc. also шага́/шара́/часа́/etc.)
• +Ord = Ordinal
• +Cmpar = Comparative
• +Sint = Synthetic comparative is possible, e.g. старее
• +Pred = "Predicate", also used for short-form adjectives
• +Cmpnd = "Compound", used for compounding adjectives, such as русско-английский
• +Att = Attenuative comparatives like получше, поновее, etc.

Punctuation

• +PUNCT = Punctuation
• +CLB = Clause boundary ! TODO SENT vs CLB which is which?
• +SENT = Clause boundary
• +COMMA = Comma
• +DASH = Dash
• +LQUOT = Left quotation
• +RQUOT = Right quotation
• +QUOT = "Ambidextrous" quotation
• +LPAR = Left parenthesis/bracket
• +RPAR = Right parenthesis/bracket
• +LEFT = Left parenthesis/bracket/quote/etc.
• +RIGHT = Right parenthesis/bracket/quote/etc.

Other tags

• +Prb = +Prb(lematic): затруднительно - предположительно - нет
• +Fac = Facultative
• +PObj = Object of preposition (prothetic н: него нее них)
• +Epenth = epenthesis on prepositions (о~об~обо or в~во)
• +Leng = Lengthened доброй~доброю (marks less-canonical wordform that has more syllables)
• +Elid = Elided (Иванович~Иваныч, новее~новей, чтобы~чтоб, или~иль, коли~коль)
• +Use/NG = Do not generate (used for apertium, etc.)
• +Use/Obs = Obsolete
• +Use/Ant = Antiquated "устаревшее"
• +Err/Orth = Substandard
• +Err/L2_ii = L2 error: Failure to change ending ие to ии in +Sg+Loc or +Sg+Dat, e.g. к Марие, о кафетерие, о знание
• +Err/L2_Pal = L2 error: Palatalization: failure to place soft-indicating symbol after soft stem, e.g. земла (compare земля)
• +Err/L2_FV = L2 error: Presence of fleeting vowel where it should be deleted, e.g. отеца (compare отца)
• +Err/L2_NoFV = L2 error: Lack of fleeting vowel where it should be inserted, e.g. окн (compare окон)
• +Err/L2_SRo = L2 error: Failure to change о to е after hushers and ц, e.g. Сашой (compare Сашей)
• +Err/L2_SRy = L2 error: Failure to change ы to и after hushers and velars, e.g. книгы (compare книги)

• LEXICON Root

• Abbreviation ;
• : %^P%^A Adjective ;
• Adverb ;
• Comparative ;
• Conjunction ;
• Interjection ;
• Noun ;
• Numeral ;
• Parenthetical ;
• Particle ;
• Predicative ;
• Preposition ;
• Pronoun ;
• Verb ;
• Propernoun ;
• Punctuation ;
• Symbols ;
• LexicalizedParticiple ;