Analysis symbols
The morphological analyses of wordforms of Klingon language are presented
in this system in terms of following symbols.
The parts-of-speech are:
Multichar_Symbols for noun,
Multichar_Symbols for verb (and "adjectives"),
Multichar_Symbols for pronouns,
Multichar_Symbols for numerals,
Multichar_Symbols for conjunctions,
Multichar_Symbols for adverbs,
Multichar_Symbols for interjections, and
Multichar_Symbols for other, unclassified particles.
The nominals are inflected in following Numbers, cases and
augmentation:
Multichar_Symbols for singular,
Multichar_Symbols for plural,
Multichar_Symbols for locative,
Multichar_Symbols for instructive,
Multichar_Symbols for instrumental,
Multichar_Symbols for benefactive,
Multichar_Symbols for augmentative, and
Multichar_Symbols for diminitive
The possession is marked as such:
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (mine)
Multichar_Symbols for second singular (yours)
Multichar_Symbols for third singular (his/hers/its/theirs)
Multichar_Symbols for first plural (ours)
Multichar_Symbols for second plural (yours)
Multichar_Symbols for third plural (theirs)
Verb moods are:
Multichar_Symbols for indicative
Multichar_Symbols for imperative
Verb tenses or aspects are:
Multichar_Symbols for continuative
Multichar_Symbols for perfect tense
Multichar_Symbols for progressive
Verb personal forms in intransitives and unmarked objects are
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (I do [myself, to someone])
Multichar_Symbols for second singular (you do [yourself, to someone])
Multichar_Symbols for third singular (he/she/it/they do [theirself, to someone])
Multichar_Symbols for first plural (we do [ourself, to someone])
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (you do [yourselves, to someone])
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (they do [theirselves, to somone])
The verb personal forms objects are tagged separately:
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (– – does to me)
Multichar_Symbols for second singular (– – does to you])
Multichar_Symbols for third singular (– – does to them)
Multichar_Symbols for first plural (– – does to us)
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (– – does to you)
Multichar_Symbols for first singular (– – does to them)
Other verb forms are
Multichar_Symbols negated form
Multichar_Symbols reflexive form
Multichar_Symbols reciprocal form
Multichar_Symbols
Special symbols are classified with:
Multichar_Symbols
Multichar_Symbols
Multichar_Symbols
Multichar_Symbols
The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:
Multichar_Symbols transitive
Multichar_Symbols intransitive
Question and Focus particles:
Multichar_Symbols for question form
Multichar_Symbols other focus
Multichar_Symbols contrastive this focus
Multichar_Symbols contrastive that focus
Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the
source and target part-of-speech.
Flag diacritics
We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following
flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds
with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:
| @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
| @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
| @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed
to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is
handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will
do no harm.
| @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first |
| @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX |
| @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds |
| @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R |
| @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding |
| @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding |
| @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R |
| @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root. |
Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper
nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use
these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing
given the proper use of these flags.
| @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
| @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
The word forms in Klingon language start from the lexeme roots of basic
word classes.
€gt-norm: Klingon poses
€ Sus Sus+N wind
€ jIJ jIH+Pron I
€ je je+Conj and
€ batlh batlh+Adv with honor
€ ghobe’ ghobe’+Intj no (as in discourse response)
The verbs require obligatory prefix that is the personal inflection or
imperative mood
Klingon verb example examples:
-
Qong 3Sg+Qong+V (Eng. sleeps)
