phonology-morphology

The Võro morphophonological/twolc rules file

Special letters

  • u̬ u plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • U̬ u plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • ü̬ ü plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • Ü̬ ü plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • i̬ i plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • I̬ i plus U+032C COMBINING CARON BELOW
  • õ̭ õ plus U+032D COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW
  • Õ̭ õ plus U+032D COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW
  • ˋ U+02CB MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT other parts of stem 
%{ˋØ%}:0 — U+02CB MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT used in rules

ˋ:0 — U+02CB MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT used outside of rules, this is temporary removal 2017-04-20

Vowel harmony with "(t)a/ä"

  %{aä%}:0    — Vowel harmony with "(t)a/ä" AÄ1:a AÄ1:ä AÄ1:0
  %{ae%}:a   — Vowel harmony with "a/e/õ" passive tahetu
  %{aõ%}:a   — Vowel harmony with "a/e/õ" passive sõidõtu
  %{äe%}:ä    — Vowel harmony with "ä/e/õ" passive
  %{eõ%}:0    — Vowel harmony with "e/õ"
  %{uü%}:0    — Vowel harmony with "u/ü"
  %{öü%}:ö    — Vowel raising
  %{ou%}:o    — Vowel raising
  %{ei%}:e    — Vowel raising
  %{õy%}:õ    — Vowel raising
  %{ao%}:a    — Vowel raising

  %{eØ%}:e    — ütlemä:üt%{eØ%}l  
  %{õØ%}:õ    — ütlemä:üt%{eØ%}l  
  %{Øõ%}:0    — juurdlõma:juur%{dØ%}%{0õ%}l

  %{dØ%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{dv%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{dn%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas lammas:lam%{bm%}a%{sØ%}
  %{dl%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas lammas:lam%{bm%}a%{sØ%}

  %{ij%}:i    ellä%{ij%}
  %{gv%}:g    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{gl%}:g    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{gØ%}:g    — HJK and KimmoK ideas argnõma:ar%{gØ%}
  %{uv%}:u    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{üv%}:ü    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{hØ%}:h    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{jØ%}:j    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kØ%}:k    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{lØ%}:l    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{mØ%}:m    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{nØ%}:n    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{pØ%}:p    — HJK and KimmoK ideas oppama:o%{pØ%}pama
  %{rØ%}:r    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{sØ%}:s    — HJK and KimmoK ideas närväs:när%{bv%}ä%{sØ%}
  %{vØ%}:v    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{pØ%}:0    — häbü:häbü+N:hä%{pØ%}%{pbØ%}ü
  %{tØ%}:0    — koda:ko%{tØ%}%{tdØ%}a
  %{kØ%}:0    — nägo:nä%{kØ%}%{kgØ%}o

  %{bv%}:b    — HJK and KimmoK ideas närväs:när%{bv%}ä%{sØ%}
  %{dr%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas parras:par%{dr%}a%{sØ%}
  %{bm%}:b    — HJK and KimmoK ideas lammas:lam%{bm%}a%{sØ%}
  %{pb%}:p    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{pb%}:b    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{tØ%}:t    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{td%}:t    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{t́d́%}:t́    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kg%}:k    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kaigas:kai%{kg%}as

  %{pbØ%}:p   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{pbØ%}:b   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{pbØ%}:0   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{pbv%}:p   %{pbv%}:b   %{pbv%}:v   — tõbi: tõvõ tõpõ tõppõ

  %{tdØ%}:d   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{kgØ%}:k   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kgØ%}:g   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kgØ%}:0   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{jiØ%}:i   — HJK and KimmoK ideas vari:var%{jiØ%}o
  %{qmn%}:q   — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{qn%}:q    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na

  %{dd́Ø%}:d   
  %{dd́n%}:d   
  %{dd́r%}:d   
  %{dd́v%}:d   
  %{dd́Ø%}:d   
  %{gǵv%}:g   
  %{gǵØ%}:g   
  %{kḱg%}:k    %{kḱg%}:ḱ    %{kḱg%}:g   
  %{kḱØ%}:k   
  %{pṕb%}:p   %{pṕb%}:ṕ    %{pṕb%}:b   
  %{tt́d%}:t    %{tt́d%}:t́    %{tt́d%}:d   
  %{tt́Ø%}:t    täh%{tt́Ø%}
  %{pṕØ%}:p

Palatalization of consonants

  %{bb́%}:b    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{dd́%}:d    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{ff́%}:f    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{gǵ%}:g    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{hh́%}:h    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kḱ%}:k    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{lĺ%}:l     — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{lĺ%}:ĺ     — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{mḿ%}:m    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{nń%}:n    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{pṕ%}:p    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{rŕ%}:r    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{sś%}:s    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{tt́%}:t    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{vv́%}:v    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{zź%}:z    — HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{dd́n%}:d

Miscellaneous other symbols

  %{XV%}:0    — This is used for echoing the previous vowel
  %{XC%}:0    — This is used for lengthening a consonant
  %^I7:0      — This appears in stem vaoma:va%^I7o for vaio
  %^K7:0      — This appears in stem väemä:vä%^K7e for väkeq
  %^V7:0      — This appears in stem häömä:hä%^V7ö for hävvü
  %^T7:0      — This appears in stem kaoma:ka%^T7o for katoq
  %^Y7:õ      — This appears for syna = s%^Y7na and is rendered as õ in the norm

Triggers

    %^OO2Õ:0    — joo%^OO2Õ%>i:j0õ0%>i
    %^CC2C:0    — att%^CC2C%>m%{aä%} atma
  %^PSS:0       vowel in passive tahetu, sõidõtu, eletü
  %^ÄI2ÄÄ:0    — päiv%^ÄI2ÄÄ%>ä: päävä
  %{front%}:0    — front harmony
  %{back%}:0    — back harmony
 %^ErrorBack:0  — +Err/Orth+Clt:%>kinaq in front harmony context BHARM disallowance
  %{PrsSg1%}:0  — this helps with %{eõ%}:i̬


  %{td%}:t 	 HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{kg%}:k 	 HJK and KimmoK ideas kaigas:kai%{kg%}as

  %{qmn%}:q 	 HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{qn%}:q 	 HJK and KimmoK ideas kana:ka%{nØ%}na
  %{XV%}:0		 This is used for echoing the previous vowel
  %{XC%}:0	 This is used for lengthening a consonant
  %^I7:0          This appears in stem vaoma:va%^I7o for vaio
  %^K7:0           This appears in stem väemä:vä%^K7e for väkeq
  %^V7:0          This appears in stem häömä:hä%^V7ö for hävvü
  %^T7:0          This appears in stem kaoma:ka%^T7o for katoq

 __%^Y7:õ  __  This appears for syna = s%^Y7na and is rendered as õ in the norm

 %^NoGrad:0     — This will be placed after a stem to break Gradation
 %^APOCH:0      — This causes apochope: puhksama vs puhastaq
 %^StrD2T:0     — This changes g,d,b => k,t,p

 %^G1:0	       — This is used with %{pØ%} %{pbØ%} for 0 0, also t, k
 %^G2:0	       — This is used with %{pØ%} %{pbØ%} for 0 b, also t, k
 %^G3:0	       — This is used with %{pØ%} %{pbØ%} for 0 p, also t, k
 %^G4:0	       — This is used with %{pØ%} %{pbØ%} for p p, also t, k

 %^WGStem:0     — This weakens "kipõń" to "kibõna", "ompel" to "ommel"
 %^StrGStem:0   — This strengthens "perädü" to "perätüt"
 %^XStrGStem:0  — This extra-strengthens "sõda" to "sõtta"


 %^Pen:0        — This moves us to penultimate coda
 %^PAL:0	       — Palatalization
 %^NoPAL:0	       — NoPalatalization


 %^PenWGStem:0  — This weakens "kipõń" to "kibõna"
 %^PenVowRM:0   — syncope tapõld : taplõma 
 %^D2S:0        — The ti => si
 %^TS2S:0       — The -ts- => -s-
 %^I2J:0        — The i => j change
 %^PLPRT:0      — The a:o attested in Plural kana:kanno and prt
 %^VOWRaise:0   — Raises vowel
 %^VOWLower:0   — Lowers vowel
 %^XLowerVow:0  — Lowers vowel two levels
 %^VOWLowerDelab:0   — Lowers vowel and delabializes it
 %^XLowerVowDelab:0  — Lowers vowel two levels and delabializes it
 %^U2E:0        — lowers u:õ and ü:e delabializes and lowers
 %^U2A:0        — lowers u:a and ü:ä delabializes and lowers
 %^VowRM:0      — this will remove stem final vowel
 %^CnsRM:0      — this will remove stem final consonant tervüs:tervü

Onset consonant or word boundary

  • viska%^WGStem%>aq
  • vis0a0%>aq
  • füüsiga%^StrGStem%^VowRM%>i%>dõ
  • füüsik000%>i%>dõ

Right context for gradation

Rules

VOWEL HARMONY

Vowel harmony suffixes Front

%{aä%}:a

%{aä%}:ä

%{uü%}:u

%{uü%}:ü

%{eõ%}:õ

%{eõ%}:e

%{ae%}:e

  • tah%{tØ%}%{ae%}%^Pen%^WGStem%^PSS%>t%{uü%}
  • tah0e000%>tu

%{aõ%}:õ

%{äe%}:e

VOWEL LOWERING

u:o

  • lugõ%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^VowRM%>i
  • lo0000000%>i

ü:ö

  • pügä%^VOWLower%^WGStem%^VowRM%>e%>t
  • pö00000%>e%>t
  • süü%^VOWLower%^WGStem%>nüq
  • söö00%>nüq

o2õ

  • joo%^OO2Õ%>i
  • jõ00%>i
  • aigo%^OO2Õ
  • aigõ0

u2õ

  • laulu%^OO2Õ
  • laulõ0

ö2e

  • söö%^OO2Õ%>i
  • se00%>i

Delabializing o and ö

VOWEL RAISING

Delabializing o and ö

  • hä%^V70ö%^StrGStem%>i
  • hävvü0%>0

PALATALIZATION

n2ń palatalization all

akaŕ+A+Sg+Nom

  • a%{kg%}a%{rŕ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^G2%^PAL
  • akaŕ0000

asi+N+Sg+Gen:

  • a%{sś%}%{jiØ%}%^PAL%^VowRM%>%{aä%}
  • aś000%>a

{dd́n}:d́ palatalization for 3-way

andma+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg3

  • an%{dd́n%}%{back%}%^PAL
  • and́00

{dd́n}:n weaken 3-way

andma+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1

  • an%{dd́n%}%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{aä%}
  • ann00m%a

püüdmä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1

  • pü%{üv%}%{dd́v%}%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{aä%}
  • püvv00%>ä

%{pṕb%}:p

  • loro%{pṕb%}%{back%}%^G2%>
  • loroṕ00%>

%{tt́d%}:t

hainatama+V+Inf/mA

  • haina%{tt́d%}a%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%>m%{aä%}
  • hainata000%>ma

%{kḱg%}:k

  • pisla%{kḱg%}%{back%}%^G2%>
  • pislaḱ00%>

%{pṕb%}:ṕ

  • loro%{pṕb%}%{back%}%^G2%^PAL
  • loroṕ000

%{tt́d%}:t́

%{kḱg%}:ḱ

  • pisla%{kḱg%}%{back%}%^G2%^PAL
  • pislaḱ000

kõiḱ+Pron+Sg+Nom

  • kõi%{kØ%}%{kḱg%}%^CC2C%^PAL
  • kõi0ḱ00

VOWEL CHANGE WITH PLURAL

e2i̬

  • keel%^VOWRaise%^PAL
  • ki̬i̬ĺ00 tegemä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1: do
  • teg%{front%}%^WGStem%>e
  • ti̬000%>i̬

tegemä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1: do

  • teg%^WGStem%>%{eõ%}
  • ti̬00%>i̬
  • k%{ei%}%{ei%}l%^VOWRaise%^PAL
  • ki̬i̬ĺ00

õ2õ̭

  • sõda%^WGStem
  • sõ̭0a0

o2u̬

Vx%{ou%}:Vyo hoolas+A+Sg+Nom:

  • h%{ou%}%{ou%}la%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^G1
  • hoolas00000

Vx%{ou%}2Vyu̬ nuuĺ+N+Sg+Nom: arrow

  • n%{ou%}%{ou%}l%^VOWRaise%^PAL
  • nu̬u̬ĺ
  • k%{ei%}%{ei%}r%{dØ%}%{eØ%}%{lĺ%}%{front%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^VowRM%>%{eõ%}%>m%{aä%}
  • ki̬i̬rd0l00000%>e%>mä

i2e

  • pin0i%^StrGStem%^PLPRT
  • pinne00
  • kiil%^VOWLower%>e
  • keel0%>e
  • leib%^ÄI2ÄÄ%^WGStem%>ä
  • leev0%>ä
  • pi%{tdØ%}ä%{front%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^VowRM%{eõ%}%>t%{aä%}s
  • pe0000000e%>täs

i:ä

  • päiv%^ÄI2ÄÄ%>ä
  • pääv0%>ä

a2o 

* __kan0a%^StrGStem%^PLPRT __
* __kanno00 __

{ao}o 

* __ka%{nØ%}n%{ao%}%^G3%^PLPRT __
* __kanno00 __

VOWEL LOSS

a:0 a _ (HarmDummies: ) %> i ;

  • saa%>i
  • sa0%>i
  • sõima0%^VowRM%>si
  • sõim0s0%>si
  • puhkas%^Pen%^VowRM%>a%>ma
  • puhk0s00%>a%>ma sõda+N+Pl+Par:
  • sõ%{tØ%}%{tdØ%}a%^Pen%^G3%^VowRM%>o
  • sõ0t0000%>o

ä:0

  • jää%^VOWRaise%^VowRM%>i
  • jä000%>i
  • elä%>et
  • el0%>et
  • tütär%^Pen%^VowRM%>e
  • tüt0r0%>e

u:0 

* __hirnu%{back%}%^Pen%^CC2C%^VowRM%>m%{aä%} __
* __hirn00000%>ma __
* __tervüs%^VowRM%^CnsRM%>i%>t __
* __terv0000%>i%>t __
juusk+N+Sg+Nom: ____
* __j%{ou%}%{ou%}s%{kØ%}u%^VOWRaise%^VowRM __
* __juusk000 __

* __kuu%^VowRM%>i%>d __
* __ku00%>i%>d __

ü:0 

* __tüü%^VowRM%>hüq __
* __tü00%>hüq __
* __tervüs%^VowRM%^WGStem%>i%>t __
* __terv0000%>i%>t __

e:0

  • herne%{hØ%}%{front%}%^VowRM%^WGStem%>id%{eõ%}
  • hern00000%>ide

o:0

  • joo%^VOWRaise%^VowRM%>vv%>aq
  • ju000%>vv%>aq

Vx%{ou%}:0

  • joo%^VOWRaise%^VowRM%>vv%>aq
  • ju000%>vv%>aq

Vx%{äe%}:0 Passive stem vowel

ö:0

i:0 hüdsi+N+Sg+Par:

  • hüdsi%^TS2S%^VowRM%>t
  • hü0s000%>t
  • aigo%^Pen%^WGStem
  • a00o00
  • va%^I7o%^StrGStem%>i
  • vaio0%>0
  • hä%^V70ö%^StrGStem%>i
  • hävvü0%>0

õ:0

  • tapõl%^Pen%^VowRMõ%>ma
  • tap0l0õ%>ma
  • kannõl%^StrGStem%^Pen%^VowRM%>õ
  • kand0l00%>õ
  • kogõr%^StrGStem%^Pen%^VowRM%>õ
  • kok0r00%>õ
  • hammõ%^WGStem%^VowRM%>ihe
  • ham0000%>ihe

%{eØ%}: 0

%{õØ%}: 0

VOWEL LENGTHENING

%{XV%}:u

%{XV%}:ü

%{XV%}:o

  • taso%{back%}%-%{XV%}iq
  • taso0%-oiq

%{XV%}:a

%{XV%}:ä

%{XV%}:õ kannõĺ+N+Sg+Gen: kantele

  • kan%{dn%}õ%{lĺ%}%^Pen%^VowRM%^NoPAL%>%{XV%}
  • kand0l000%>õ

%{XV%}:e käskmä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Neg command/käskeä

  • käs%{kØ%}%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{eõ%}%-%{XV%}iq
  • käs000%>e%-eiq

%{XV%}:i

i2j

  • asi%^I2J%>a
  • asj0%>a
  • elläi%^Pen%^WGStem%^I2J%>ä
  • el0äj00%>ä

%{ij%}:j

%{jiØ%}:j

%{jiØ%}:0 vari+N+Sg+Gen: shadow/varjo

  • va%{rŕ%}%{jiØ%}o%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^WGStem
  • vaŕ0o0000

%{jØ%}:0 vari+N+Sg+Gen: shadow/varjo

  • va%{rŕ%}%{jiØ%}o%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^WGStem
  • vaŕ0o0000

u2v

  • juud%^WGStem%>a
  • juvv0%>a

%{uv%}:v

  • ju%{uv%}%{dv%}%^WGStem%>a
  • juvv0%>a joudma+V+Act+Ind+Prt+Sg1
  • jõ%{uv%}%{dd́v%}back%^WGStem%>i
  • jõvv00%>i

%{üv%}:v

  • pü%{üv%}%{dd́v%}%^WGStem%>et
  • püvv0%>et
  • sü%{üv%}%{dv%}%^WGStem%>ä
  • süvv0%>ä

%^I7:i

  • va%^I7o%^StrGStem%>i
  • vaio0%>0

%^I7:i

  • hä%^V70ö%^StrGStem
  • hävvü0

CONSONANT %{pṕØ%}:ṕ

  • pap%{pṕØ%}%{back%}%^G2%^PAL
  • papṕ000

%{tt́Ø%}:t́

  • täh%{tt́Ø%}%{front%}%^StrGStem%^PAL
  • täht́000

%{kḱØ%}:ḱ

SECONDARY CONSONANT LENGTHENING

%{pØ%}:p 

* __hä%{pØ%}%{pbØ%}ü%^Pen%^XStrGStem __
* __häppü00 __
* __tõ%{pØ%}%{pbv%}%{back%}%^XStrGStem%>%{eõ%} __
* __tõpp00%>õ __
* __se%{pØ%}p%^StrGStem __
* __sepp0 __
* __nu%{pØ%}pu%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem%^VowRM __
* __nupp0000000 __

%{tØ%}:t

  • sõ%{tØ%}da%^XStrGStem%^PLPRT
  • sõtto00
  • si%{tØ%}t%{front%}%^StrGStem
  • sitt00
  • ü%{tØ%}te%^Pen%^StrGStem
  • ütte00
  • mü%{tØ%}tü%{front%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem%^VowRM
  • mütt0000000 sõda+N+Sg+Ill:
  • sõ%{tØ%}%{tdØ%}a%^Pen%^G3
  • sõtta00

%{Øk%}:k

  • ig0ä %^Pen%^XStrGStem
  • ikkä0
  • mak0õ%^StrGStem%^VowRM%>i%>dõ
  • makkõ00%>i%>dõ
  • mä%{Øk%}%{kgØ%}%{front%}%^XStrGStem%>%{eõ%}
  • mäkk00%>e

%{XC%}:s

%{XC%}:l

%{XC%}:ĺ

%{XC%}:k

%{kḱ%}:ḱ kakma

  • ka%{kØ%}%{kḱ%}u%^VowRM%^PAL
  • kakḱ000

Consonant weakening

kToZero

  • puhkas%^WGStem%>taq
  • puh0as0%>taq
  • ikkõ%{back%}%^Pen%^CC2C%^VowRM%>m%{aä%}
  • ik000000%>ma

%{pṕØ%}:0

%{tt́Ø%}:0

%{kḱØ%}:0

  • j{ou}{ou}s{kḱØ}{back}^VOWLower^WGStem>{eõ}
  • joos0000>õ
  • *j{ou}{ou}s{kḱØ}{back}^VOWLower^WGStem>{eõ} (is not standard language)
  • *joosk000>õ (is not standard language)

%{sØ%}:0

  • su%{sØ%}śo%^Pen%^WGStem
  • su0śo00
  • ham%{bm%}a%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem%^WGStem
  • hamba000000

%{rØ%}:0

  • a%{rØ%}ro%^Pen%^G2
  • a0ro00

%{nØ%}:0

  • su%{nØ%}ńo%^Pen%^WGStem
  • su0ńo00

%{lØ%}:0

  • ta%{lØ%}lo%^Pen%^G2
  • ta0lo00

%{mØ%}:0

  • su%{sØ%}śo%^Pen%^WGStem
  • su0śo00

%{kØ%}:0

  • puhkas%^WGStem%>taq
  • puh0as0%>taq nätsk+A+Sg+Gen
  • nä%{td%}s%{kØ%}%{front%}%^G1%>%{aä%}
  • näds000%>ä
  • i%{kØ%}kõ%{back%}%^Pen%^CC2C%^VowRM%>m%{aä%}
  • i0k00000%>ma

kakma:

  • ka%{kØ%}%{kḱ%}u%{back%}%^Pen%^CC2C%^VowRM%>m%{aä%}
  • ka0k00000%>ma

kõiḱ+Pron+Sg+Nom

  • kõi%{kØ%}%{kḱg%}%^CC2C%^PAL
  • kõi0ḱ00
  • ri%{kØ%}ka%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem
  • ri0kas00000 jõgi+N+Sg+Gen: river/joki
  • jõ%{kØ%}%{kgØ%}%{back%}%^G1%>%{eõ%}
  • jõ0000%>õ

pToZero

  • tapp%{back%}%^CC2C%>m%{aä%}
  • tap000%>ma

%{pØ%}:0

  • se%{pØ%}p%^WGStem
  • se0p0
  • tap%{pØ%}%{back%}%^CC2C%>m%{aä%}
  • tap000%>ma

XØToZero agras+A+Sg+Gen

  • a%{kg%}ra%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^G2%^WGStem
  • akra0000000
  • ve%{rØ%}rev%{front%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>%{aä%}
  • ve0rev000%>ä elläi+N+Sg+Gen
  • e%{lØ%}lä%{ij%}%^Pen%^WGStem%^I2J%>ä
  • e0läj00%>ä
  • ha%{mØ%}mõ%{hØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem
  • ha0mõh%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem

XØToSelf villui+A+Sg+Nom

  • vi%{lØ%}lui%{back%}%^Pen%^G3
  • villui000

kevväi+N+Sg+Gen: spring

  • ke%{vØ%}vä%{ij%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>ä
  • ke0väj00%>ä

%{sØ%}:s ratas+N+Sg+Nom

  • ra%{tØ%}ta%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^StrGStem
  • ra0tas00000

agras+A+Sg+Nom

  • a%{kg%}ra%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^StrGStem
  • agras000000

%{hØ%}:h

  • ha%{mØ%}mõ%{hØ%}%^Pen%^WGStem
  • ha0mõ0%>h

%{kØ%}:k

  • as%{kØ%}o%^Pen%^G2
  • asko

%{pb%}:p

  • kau%{pb%}%{õØ%}%{lĺ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem%^Pen%^VowRM%>%{eõ%}%>m%{aä%}
  • kaup0l0000000%>õ%>ma
  • li%{pb%}õ%^Pen%^G2
  • lipõ00

%{t́d́%}:d́

%{t́d́%}:t́

%{td%}:t nätsk+A+Sg+Nom

  • nä%{td%}s%{kØ%}%{front%}%^G2
  • nätsk00 hõrts+N+Sg+Nom
  • hõr%{td%}so%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem%^VowRM
  • hõrts000000

%{kg%}:k akaŕ+A+Sg+Nom

  • a%{kg%}a%{rŕ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^G2%^PAL
  • akaŕ0000
  • rän%{kg%}%{back%}%^G3
  • ränk00
  • avali%{kØ%}%{kg%}%{back%}%^G2
  • avali0k00

%{kg%}:g apteḱ+N+Sg+Gen:

  • apte%{kØ%}%{kḱg%}%^VOWLower%^G1
  • apte0g00%>i agras+A+Sg+Nom:
  • a%{kg%}ra%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem
  • agras00000
  • hõl%{kg%}a%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^G2
  • hõlgas000
  • rän%{kg%}%{front%}%^G2%{aä%}
  • räng00ä

nõkõś+N+Sg+Ill

  • nõ%{kg%}õ%{sś%}%^Pen%^WGStem%{XC%}%>õ%>he
  • nõgõs00s%>õ%>he
  • a%{kg%}ra%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem
  • agras000

%{td%}:d

kaotama+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1:

  • kao%{td%}a%^Pen%^G2
  • kaoda0

%{tt́d%}:d kergütämä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1:

  • kergü%{tt́d%}ä%^Pen%^WGStem
  • kergüdä00

tToZero hüdsi+N+Sg+Par:

  • hüdsi%^TS2S%^VowRM%>t
  • hü0s000%>t
  • att%{back%}%^CC2C%>m%{aä%}
  • at000%>ma

%{tØ%}:0

  • puh%{tØ%}a%{sØ%}%^Pen%^WGStem
  • puh0as ratas+N+Sg+Nom
  • ra%{tØ%}ta%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^StrGStem
  • ra0tas0000

sõda+N+Sg+Gen:

  • sõ%{tØ%}%{tdØ%}a%^Pen%^G1
  • sõ00a00

CONSONANT QUALITY CHANGE

%{pṕb%}:b

  • loro%{pṕb%}%^G2%>i
  • lorob0%>i

%{pb%}:b habras+A+Sg+Nom

  • ha%{pb%}ra%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%^StrGStem
  • habras0000
  • ki%{pb%}õ%{nń%}%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>%{aä%}
  • kibõn000%>a

p2b

b20

%{pbØ%}:b

%{dr%}:r murrõq+N+Sg+Nom

  • mur%{dr%}õ%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%>q
  • murrõ00000%>q

%{dr%}:d murrõq+N+Sg+Gen

  • mur%{dr%}õ%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^StrGStem
  • murdõ00000

%{tdØ%}:d

%{kgØ%}:g jõgi+N+Sg+Nom

  • jõ%{kØ%}%{kgØ%}%{back%}%^G2%>i
  • jõ0g00%>i

%{pbv%}:b

  • tõ%{pØ%}%{pbv%}%{back%}%^G2i
  • tõ0b00i

hammas

  • ham%{bm%}a%{sØ%}%^Pen%^WGStem
  • hammas00

%{bm%}:m

  • ham%{bm%}a%{sØ%}%{back%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem%^StrGStem
  • hammas0000

%{bm%}:b

  • ham%{bm%}a%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWRaise%^Pen%^G2%^WGStem
  • hamba000000

%{bv%}:v

  • när%{bv%}ä%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^WGStem
  • närväs0000
  • lei%{bv%}%^ÄI2ÄÄ%^G1%>ä
  • leev0%>ä

%{dn%}:n kannõĺ+N+Sg+Nom: kantele

  • kan%{dn%}õ%{lĺ%}%^Pen%^WGStem%^PAL
  • kannõĺ000

%{dl%}:l

  • tul%>%{dl%}aq%^Pen%^WGStem
  • tul%>laq00
  • kõnõl%>%{dl%}aq%^Pen%^WGStem
  • kõnõl%>laq00
  • val%{dl%}%{back%}%^G1%>n
  • vall00%>n

%{dv%}:v

  • pü%{üv%}%{dv%}%^G1%>et
  • püvv0%>et
  • ju%{uv%}%{dv%}%^G1%>a
  • juvv0%>a
  • sü%{üv%}%{dv%}%^G1%>ä
  • süvv0%>ä

dTot

  • käd%^StrD2T%>t
  • kät0%>t
  • hüdsi%^StrD2T%>l
  • hütsi0%>l

dTos

tTos

tTod kaotama+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg1:

  • kaota%^Pen%^WGStem
  • kaoda0

There should always be a trigger

%{dn%}:d

  • kan%{dn%}õl%{back%}%^Pen%^G2%^Pen%^VowRM%>õ
  • kand0l0000%>õ

j2i

{kḱg}:g

kõiḱ+Pron+Sg+Gen

  • kõi%{kØ%}%{kḱg%}%{back%}%^G1%>%{eõ%}
  • kõi0g00%>õ

k2g

  • hõrak%^G1%>a
  • hõrag0%>a
  • *hõrak%^G1%>a (is not standard language)
  • *hõrak0%>a (is not standard language)
  • kisk%^G1%>%{uü%}%>t%{aä%}v
  • kis0%>u%>tav
  • süküs%^Pen%^WGStem%>e
  • sügüs0%>e

gTok

  • ig0ä%^XStrGStem
  • ikkä0
  • kogõr%^StrGStem%^Pen%^VowRM%>õ
  • kok0r00%>õ

bTop

%{pbv%}:p

  • tõ%{pØ%}%{pbv%}%{back%}%^XStrGStem%>%{eõ%}
  • tõpp00%>e

%{pbØ%}:p

%{tdØ%}:t

%{kgØ%}:k

  • mä%{kØ%}%{kgØ%}%{front%}%^G4%>%{eõ%}
  • mäkk00%>e

STEM-FINAL CONSONANT LOSS

s20 kirotus+N+Pl+Gen:

  • kirotus%^CnsRM%>isi
  • kirotu00%>isi

usś+N+Sg+Par door

  • uss%^TS2S%>t
  • us00%>t
  • vassi%{back%}%^CC2C%^I2%^PAL%>m%{aä%}
  • vaś00000%>ma

%{bv%}:b närväs+A+Sg+Gen:

  • när%{bv%}ä%{sØ%}%^Pen%^VOWLower%^Pen%^StrGStem%^WGStem
  • närbä000000

%{gØ%}:g liig+A+Sg+Nom:

  • lii%{gØ%}%{back%}%^StrGStem
  • liig00 huug

d20

  • hüdsi%^TS2S%^VowRM%>te
  • hü0s000%>te

%{dØ%}:0

g20

  • särg%^WGStem%>#
  • sär0e0%>0
  • aig%^WGStem%>o
  • a000%>o
  • igä%^Pen%^WGStem
  • i0ä00 lugõma+V+Pss+PrfPrc read/lukea
  • lugõ%^Pen%^WGStem%^Õ2E%>t
  • lo0e000%>t argnõma+V+Inf
  • arg%{back%}%{eõ%}%^Pen%^WGStemd%{aä%}q
  • ar00õ00daq

%{gØ%}:0

  • sär%{gØ%}%^WGStem%>e
  • sär00%>e
  • aig%^WGStem%>o
  • a000%>o
  • i%{kgØ%}ä%^Pen%^WGStem
  • i0ä00 lugõma+V+Pss+PrfPrc read/lukea
  • lu%{kgØ%}õ%^Pen%^WGStem%^Õ2E%>t
  • lo0e000%>t argnõma+V+Inf
  • arg%{back%}%{eõ%}%^Pen%^WGStemd%{aä%}q
  • ar00õ00daq
  • palgõ%^WGStem%>h
  • pal0õ0%>h

%{pbv%}:v

  • tõ%{pØ%}%{pbv%}%{back%}%^G1%>%{eõ%}
  • tõ0v00%>õ

%{pbØ%}:0

%{tdØ%}:0

  • hüdsi%^TS2S%^VowRM%>te
  • hü0s000%>te

%{kgØ%}:0

  • mä%{kØ%}%{kgØ%}%{front%}%^G1%>%{eõ%}
  • mä0000%>e
  • u%{jØ%}jo%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>m%{aä%}
  • u0jo000%>ma

püüdmä+V+Act+Ind+Prs+Sg3

  • pü%{üv%}%{dd́v%}%{front%}%^PAL
  • püüd́00

pereq

  • pe%{rØ%}re%^WGStem%>h
  • pe0re0%>h

naŕma

  • na%{rØ%}%{rŕ%}%{back%}%^CC2C%^PAL%>m%{aä%}
  • na0r000%>ma

Other marks

  • ki%{pb%}õ%{nń%}%>a
  • kipõn%>a

Disallow %^ErrorBack:0 in BHARM

Disallow %^ErrorBack:0 in BHARM