phonology-morphology
Nenets twol file
Letters of the alphabet
-
а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ң о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
- А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н Ң О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я
- °:0 Directly from Tapani Salminen extra short vowel
- ә:а Directly from Tapani Salminen schwa
Archiphonemes for vowels
- %{ауоэØ%}:а А1: а А1: у А1: о А1: э SCHWA
- %{ауоэиыØ%}:0 before pros
- А2: а
- Ы1: о
- Ы1: е
- Ы2: э
Archiphonemes for glottals
- %{нңʼØ%}:ʼ
- %{нңʼØ%}:н
- %{нңʼØ%}:0
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:й
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:н
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:ң
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:ъ
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:ʼ
- %{йнңъʼØ%}:0
- %{дˮØ%}:ˮ
- %{дˮØ%}:д
- %{дˮØ%}:0
- С1: ˮ
- С1: с
- С1: 0
- %{ая%}:а in Pros
- %{оё%}:о in +N+Sg+Nom+PxPl3
- %{рл%}:0 +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg2
- %{аяуюØ%}:0 хан+N+Sg+Acc+PxSg1: ханув, ханав
- %{увм%}:0 +N+Sg+Pros
- %{вм%}:0 +N+Sg+Nom+PxSg1
triggers
- %^SCSG2: 0 this allows n2d +V+Ind+Aor+ScSg2: %>н°%^SCSG2
- %^PLNOM: 0 disallows i2e +N+Pl+Nom+PxDu1+Der/Cop+Ind+Aor+ScPl3
- %^A2O: 0
- %^A2I: 0
- %^PalVariation:0 This allows for тар%{дˮØ%}%>д%{оё%}нзь
- %^MLenition: 0 lenition
- %^VowLower: 0 vowel lowering ы: э у: о
- %^VowRaise: 0 vowel raising э: ы о: у
- %^VowLoss: 0 stem-final vowel is lost in plural accusative
- %^StemVowFronting: 0 хасава: хасев
- %^VowFronting: 0 хадась: хадэйнинзь
- %^PalLoss: 0 in combination with stem-final vowel loss тёня: тён
- %^HardFronting: 0 яля: ялэ
Boundary symbols
- %>
Rules
к:-> г after nasal glottal
-
му%{нңʼØ%}%>кʼ
- муң%>гʼ
-
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>к°ʼ
- илаң%>г0ʼ
к:to х after Vowels
ты%^VowLower%>да examples:
тэ0%>да examples:
ед°%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:
ед0%>хана examples:
намда%^VowLoss%>к%{ауоэØ%}в examples:
намд00%>хав examples:
nTod
му%{нңʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мун0%>дʼ examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
ңум00%>дʼ examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н°ʼ examples:
ңум00%>д0ʼ examples:
%{нңʼØ%}:н GlottalNasalToSurface
му%{нңʼØ%}%>нд examples:
мун%>0д examples:
му%{нңʼØ%}%>сь examples:
мун0%>зь examples:
му%{нңʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мун0%>дʼ examples:
%{нңʼØ%}:ң GlottalNasalToSurface
му%{нңʼØ%}%>кʼ examples:
муң%>гʼ examples:
%{йнңъʼØ%}:ң GlottalNasalToSurface
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>к°ʼ examples:
илаң%>г0ʼ examples:
%{йнңъʼØ%}:н GlottalNasalToSurface
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н examples:
илан0%>д examples:
ила%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:
илан%>зиˮ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>н°ʼ examples:
илан%>д0ʼ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>дмʼ examples:
илан%>дмʼ examples:
илан%>дув0 examples:
ил0н%>дув0 examples:
%{йнңъʼØ%}:ъ GlottalNasalToSurface
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}е examples:
ил0ъе examples:
%{нңʼØ%}:0 GlottalNasalToSurface
му%{нңʼØ%}%>мд examples:
му0%>нд examples:
му%{нңʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:
му0%>м0на examples:
%{йнңъʼØ%}:0 GlottalNasalToSurface
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>н examples:
илан0%>д examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°ˮ examples:
ила0%>0ˮ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°ць° examples:
ила0%>0ць0 examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:
ил00%>мана examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>н° examples:
ила0%>н0 examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:
ила0%>л0 examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мд° examples:
ила0%>нд0 examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мʼ examples:
ңув0%>мʼ examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
ңум00%>дʼ examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць examples:
ңув0%>аць examples:
%{дˮØ%}:0 GlottalNonNasalToZERO LEFT
мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мя00%>тʼ examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:
мя0%>0т0 examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:
мя0%>та examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:
мя00%>тась examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>°мʼ examples:
тар00%>0мʼ examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:
та000%>л0 examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:
мя0%>0т0 examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:
мя0%>та examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:
мя00%>тась examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:
та000%>л0 examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>мд%{ая%} examples:
тар00%>0та examples:
тар00%>0тя examples:
RIGHT ARROW ONLY %{дˮØ%}:0
тар%{дˮØ%}%>ми examples:
тарˮ%>ми examples:
тар0%>ми examples:
тар%{дˮØ%}%>ни examples:
тарˮ%>ни examples:
тар0%>ни examples:
С1:0 GlottalNonNasalToZERO
таС1%>мд° examples:
та0%>0т0 examples:
таС1%>д%{ая%} examples:
та0%>та examples:
ман°С1%>мд examples:
мана0%>0т examples:
ман°С1%>дмʼ examples:
мана0%>тмʼ examples:
таС1%^SCSG2%>нась examples:
та00%>тась examples:
ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мана00%>тʼ examples:
С1:ˮ UnderlyingToGlottal
ман°С1%>0в examples:
манаˮ%>ам examples:
%{дˮØ%}:ˮ UnderlyingToGlottal LEFT
мя%{дˮØ%}%>%{ауоэØ%}л examples:
мяˮ%>ал examples:
вар%{дˮØ%}%>вна examples:
варˮ%>мна examples:
тар%{дˮØ%} examples:
тарˮ examples:
тар%{дˮØ%} examples:
тарˮ examples:
RIGHT ARROW ONLY %{дˮØ%}:ˮ
тар%{дˮØ%}%>ми examples:
тарˮ%>ми examples:
тар0%>ми examples:
тар%{дˮØ%}%>ни examples:
тарˮ%>ни examples:
тар0%>ни examples:
%{нңʼØ%}:ʼ UnderlyingToGlottal
с => ц affrication after Stop
мя%{дˮØ%}%>сь examples:
мя0%>ць examples:
ман°С1%>сиˮ examples:
ман00%>циˮ examples:
с => з after nasal
му%{нңʼØ%}%>сь examples:
мун0%>зь examples:
ила%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:
илан%>зиˮ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:
ил0н%>зиˮ examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>сиˮ examples:
ңум0%>зиˮ examples:
v To m
ман°С1%>0в examples:
манаˮ%>ам examples:
%{рл%}:л
ман°С1%>0%{рл%} examples:
манаˮ%>ал examples:
%{рл%}:р
%{рл%}:р
0:а in single-syllable
-
ман°С1%>0в
-
манаˮ%>ам
-
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць
-
ңув0%>аць
ед°%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
еда0%>нʼ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мʼ examples:
ила0%>мʼ examples:
ман°С1%>мд examples:
мана0%>0т examples:
ман°С1%>0%{рл%} examples:
манаˮ%>ал examples:
ман°С1%>0в examples:
манаˮ%>ам examples:
ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мана00%>тʼ examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>кʼ examples:
илаң%>гʼ examples:
ʼ:н
Second Vowel Center
ә:у in extra short to у
ә:о in extra short to о
ә:и in extra short to и
ә:ы in extra short to ы
ә:э in extra short to э
ә:а in extra short to а
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>кәд examples:
ил0ң0гад examples:
0:а in Pros
ма%>ˮ0н examples:
ма0ˮан examples:
ма%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
ма0ˮам0на examples:
ман°С1%>0%{рл%}° examples:
манаˮ0ал0 examples:
ман°С1%>0м° examples:
манаˮ0ам0 examples:
ман°С1%>0%{рл%}° examples:
манаˮ0ал0 examples:
ман°С1%>0м° examples:
манаˮ0ам0 examples:
хан%>м° examples:
хан0в0 examples:
0:э in Pros
ңэ%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
ңэ0ˮэм0на examples:
0:о between two glottals
хо%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
хо0ˮом0на examples:
я%^A2O%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
ё00ˮом0на examples:
0:и after glottal
си%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
си0ˮим0на examples:
0:ы between two glottals
ңы%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
ңы0ˮым0на examples:
0:у between two glottals
ңу%>ˮ0м°н%{ая%} examples:
ңу0ˮум0на examples:
0:у between two glottals
а:я VowelPalatalization left
%{ая%}:я VowelPalatalization left
%{ая%}:я VowelPalatalization right
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>к°н%{ая%} examples:
тар000кана examples:
тар000кна examples:
тар000каня examples:
тар000кня examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:
тар000та examples:
тар000тя examples:
%{оё%}:ё VowelPalatalization right
ню%>д%{оё%}ʼ examples:
ню0доʼ examples:
ню0дёʼ examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{оё%}ʼ examples:
тар000тоʼ examples:
тар000тёʼ examples:
The rule %{ауоэØ%} <-> у:
ну%>к%{ауоэØ%}рт examples:
ну0хурт examples:
The rule %{ауоэØ%} -> о:
The rule %{ауоэØ%} -> а:
намда%^VowLoss%>к%{ауоэØ%}в examples:
намд000хав examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>%{ауоэØ%}л examples:
мяˮ0ал examples:
му%{нңʼØ%}%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:
муң0гана examples:
ед°%>к%{ауоэØ%}на examples:
ед00хана examples:
%{ауоэØ%} -> а
%{ауоэØ%} -> а
хо%>сеты%>к%{ауоэØ%}ʼ examples:
хо0сеты0хыʼ examples:
%{ауоэØ%} -> а
пя%^A2I%>ˮ%{ауоэØ%}н examples:
пи00ˮин examples:
VOWEL LOWERING
i2e StemFinalYToE LEFT
а:э in stem-internal position
хадаба%^StemVowFronting%^A2I%>н examples:
хадэби000н examples:
a:o in я
a:i in мараңгы
яˮавла%^A2I%>дмʼ examples:
яˮавлы00дмʼ examples:
a:i in ңуда
ңуда%^A2I examples:
ңуди0 examples:
хадаба%^StemVowFronting%^A2I%>н examples:
хадэби000н examples:
о:у word-final position
я:и word-final position
пя%^A2I examples:
пи0 examples:
ңодя%^A2I examples:
ңоди0 examples:
я:е in яха
яха%^A2I examples:
еси0 examples:
а:у яˮавла:яˮавлу LEFT
а:у яˮавла:яˮавлу RIGHT
яˮавла%^VowRaise%>ˮ examples:
яˮавлу00ˮ examples:
а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу
пэва%^VowFronting%^VowRaise%>ˮ examples:
пэбю000ˮ examples:
VOWEL LOSS
а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу
а:ю яˮавла:яˮавлу
я:0 Stem vowel loss in plural accusative
тёня%^PalLoss%^VowLoss examples:
тён000 examples:
CONSONANT CHANGES
mToV
хан°%>м° examples:
хана0в0 examples:
хану0в0 examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>0ць examples:
ңув00аць examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>°мʼ examples:
ңув000мʼ examples:
ңум%^MLenition%>о examples:
ңув00о examples:
m loss before Labial followed by nonglottal cons or vows
му%{нңʼØ%}%>мд examples:
мун00д examples:
по%{йнңъʼØ%}%>мд° examples:
пон00д0 examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд° examples:
мя000т0 examples:
ңум%{йнңъʼØ%}%>м°н%{ая%} examples:
ңу000м0на examples:
н loss after glottal before д:
му%{нңʼØ%}%>нд examples:
мун00д examples:
по%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нд° examples:
пон00д0 examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>нд° examples:
мя000т0 examples:
ил°%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нд%{ая%} examples:
ил0н00да examples:
илан00да examples:
н loss after glottal before д:
сыр%>рхавы examples:
сыл00хавы examples:
r To 0 before glottal and р or л
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>%{рл%}° examples:
та0000л0 examples:
сыр%>рхавы examples:
сыл00хавы examples:
n to t after non-nasal glottal
мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мя000тʼ examples:
ман°С1%^SCSG2%>нʼ examples:
мана000тʼ examples:
сыр%{йнңъʼØ%}%>нарахав examples:
сыр00тарахав examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:
мя000тась examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%^SCSG2%>нась examples:
тар0000тась examples:
ман°С1%^SCSG2%>н°ʼ examples:
мана000т0ʼ examples:
d to t after non-nasal glottal
мя%{дˮØ%}%>мд examples:
мя000т examples:
ман°С1%>мд examples:
мана000т examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:
мя00та examples:
мя%{дˮØ%}%>дмʼ examples:
мя00тмʼ examples:
тар%^PalVariation%{дˮØ%}%>д%{ая%} examples:
тар000та examples:
тар000тя examples:
b to p after non-nasal glottal
сырˮ%>бˮ examples:
сыр00пˮ examples:
ң:0 Before в:м +Sg+Acc+PxPl1:%>ваˮ
илң%>ваˮ examples:
ил00маˮ examples:
The rule ъ:0 with Conj after vowels:
In the first context ...
In the second context ...
ˮ:0
сырˮ%>бˮ examples:
сыр00пˮ examples:
сыр%^SCSG2%>накы examples:
сыр00такы examples:
Realization of glottal stops
SURFACE CONSONANT
х:с in яха
яха%^A2I examples:
еси0 examples:
С1:с GlottalNonNasalToSurface
ман°С1%>°ць° examples:
ман0с0аць0 examples:
%{дˮØ%}:д GlottalNonNasalToSurface
мя%{дˮØ%}%>°ць° examples:
мя00аць0 examples:
%{дˮØ%}:д GlottalNonNasalToSurface
ь:0 with GlottalNonNasalToZERO